Off Highway Vehicle Engines Market - By Power output, By Fuel, By Application, By Engine, Growth Forecast, 2025 - 2034

Off Highway Vehicle Engines Market Size

The global off highway vehicle engines market size was valued at USD 28.6 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 5.3% between 2025 and 2034. This growth is fueled by rising infrastructure development, agricultural mechanization, and mining activities. Moreover, increasing demand for fuel-efficient, low-emission engines and advancements in hybrid and electric powertrains are also propelling growth across construction, agriculture, and industrial sectors globally.
 

For instance, in November 2023, Caterpillar initiated a three-year project, partially funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, to develop a hydrogen-hybrid power solution for off-highway vehicles. This project aims to create a hydrogen-fuel system leveraging the new Cat C13D engine platform.
 

The high demand for heavy-duty applications for high performance engines with low fuel consumption is fueling the off highway vehicle engines market. There are sectors such as construction, agriculture and mining that need strong engines that have high torque, durability and fuel economy to increase output and minimize operating costs. This need is to expedite the uptake of advanced engine technologies, where OEMs are interested in taking a stake in nextgen, energy-efficient engine solutions for off-highways vehicles.
 

For instance, in May 2024, Caterpillar announced a $90 million investment to upgrade its Texas facilities for producing the new Cat C13D industrial engine, aiming to meet the growing demand in construction and mining sectors.
 

Additionally, the development of the mining industry is an influential element in the development of the market. The global mining activities are intensifying as the demands for minerals like copper, lithium and iron ore increase due to the increased industrial development and the clean energy transition. This drives high demand for durable and powerful engines that can sustain tough terrain and run efficiently in remote areas, thus the penetration of off-highway vehicle engines in mining operations.
 

Off Highway Vehicle Engines Market Trends

• The off-highway vehicle engine market is undergoing a major trend of electrification and hybridization. This shift is fueled by strict emission stipulations and demand for sustainable answers. Manufacturers are spending money on electric and hybrid engines to minimize the carbon footprint and fulfill environmental standards. For example, Caterpillar launched a project in November 2023 that will develop hydrogen-hybrid power solutions for off-highway vehicles, working towards increased flexibility and decreased greenhouse gas emissions.
   
• Advancements in digital technologies are revolutionizing off-highway vehicle engines. The integration of Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and machine learning enables real-time performance monitoring, predictive maintenance, and improved fuel efficiency. These smart technologies facilitate proactive decision-making and operational efficiency, essential for sectors like construction and agriculture. Manufacturers are leveraging these innovations to enhance engine performance and reduce downtime. For instance, in June 2023, Forsee Power partnered with Vensys Group to convert thermal off-highway vehicles into electric ones, combining Forsee's smart battery systems with Vensys' electrohydraulic solutions for agriculture and construction.
   
• Environmental issues and regulatory pressures are driving the need for low-emission engines in the OHV market. In response, manufacturers are creating engines that meet tight emission standards. For instance, in February 2023, Cummins unveiled the X10 diesel engine that releases 75% less NOx emissions and will be available in 2026. In addition, Deutz AG launched an off-highway engine, which is hydrogen based, attesting its interest in sustainability and alternative energy sources.
   
• The expansion of agriculture and infrastructure sectors, particularly in emerging economies, is boosting the OHV engine market. In January 2024, CNH Industrial announced plans to invest up to USD 50 million in India's farm machinery segment and launch a 105HP tractor in May 2024, aiming to enhance its presence in the 45-50 HP range of tractors. Additionally, increased mechanization in agriculture and large-scale infrastructure projects are driving the demand for robust and efficient engines.
   

Trump Administration Tariffs

• The imposition of 25% tariffs on imported steel and aluminum in March 2025 led to a substantial increase in raw material costs for OHV engine manufacturers. Given that these metals are integral to engine construction, companies faced heightened expenses, which were often passed on to consumers. This surge in costs strained profit margins and compelled manufacturers to reassess their pricing strategies and supply chain operations.
   
• Tariffs on imported goods from China, Canada, and Mexico disrupted integrated supply chains crucial to OHV engine production. Components often cross borders multiple times before final assembly, and added duties on electronics, casting parts, and precision controls created both delays and elevated costs. Manufacturers had to reconfigure sourcing strategies, which not only increased logistical complexity but also strained relationships with existing suppliers. This led to production slowdowns and tighter inventory management across the OHV engine sector.
   
• The unpredictability of tariff policies created a volatile environment that discouraged new investments in the OHV engine market. Many engine manufacturers delayed or scaled back capital expenditures, including projects focused on low-emission technologies and electrification. Research and development budgets were tightened as companies prioritized short-term cost control over long-term innovation. This uncertainty slowed the industry’s technological advancement, particularly in adopting cleaner and more efficient engine solutions.
   

Off Highway Vehicle Engines Market Analysis

Based on power output, the market is divided into below 50 HP, 50–100 HP, 101–200 HP, 201–400 HP, and above 400 HP. In 2024, the 101–200 HP segment dominated the market, accounting for around 38% share and is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 5.8% during the forecast period.
 

• The 101–200 HP segment dominates the market primarily due to its versatility and suitability for a wide range of mid-sized machinery used in agriculture, construction, and mining. This power range strikes a balance between performance and fuel efficiency, making it ideal for backhoe loaders, compact excavators, and medium tractors.
   
• Furthermore, many infrastructure and rural development projects worldwide rely on equipment within this power band. Countries such as India, Brazil, and parts of Southeast Asia increasingly adopt 101–200 HP machines due to their adaptability to varied terrains and lower operating costs compared to high-power engines.
   
• For instance, in June 2022, Mercedes-Benz entered a partnership with Grunner, a Brazilian agricultural technology firm, to support the development of automated harvesting solutions. As part of the collaboration, the Mercedes-Benz Axor truck was specially adapted for autonomous field operations. By the end of the year, Mercedes-Benz aimed to deliver approximately 640 Axor units to Grunner, where the vehicles would undergo further modifications tailored for advanced agricultural applications.
   
• In addition, manufacturers are engaging in strategic partnerships to innovate within the 101–200 HP engine segment. For instance, in June 2023, Zero Nox Inc., specializing in sustainable off-highway vehicle electrification, signed a product development agreement with Kubota Corporation to electrify products for off-highway applications. This collaboration focuses on integrating electric powertrains into machinery traditionally powered within the 101–200 HP range, reflecting a shift towards more sustainable and efficient engine solutions in this segment.

Based on fuel, the off highway vehicle engines market is segmented into diesel, gasoline, and others. In 2024, the diesel segment dominates the market with 69% market share, and the segment is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 6.5% from 2025 to 2034.
 

• The diesel segment leads the market primarily due to its superior torque output and fuel efficiency, which are essential for heavy-duty applications. Off-highway vehicles such as excavators, bulldozers, and agricultural tractors require high power and reliability, particularly in remote and rugged terrains where performance consistency is critical.
   
• Furthermore, diesel engines have a well-established global supply chain and support infrastructure. In many developing and rural regions, diesel remains the most accessible and economical fuel type. Manufacturers continue to invest in advanced diesel engine technologies to meet stringent emissions standards while maintaining performance, extending the segment’s dominance.
   
• For instance, in January 2022, Mahindra Tractors, part of Mahindra’s Farm Equipment Sector, launched six new tractor models under the Yuvo Tech+ series, ranging from 37 to 50 HP. These tractors feature advanced m-ZIP 3-cylinder and ELS 4-cylinder engines, offering best-in-class power, torque, and fuel efficiency. Equipped with 4WD, dual clutch, SLIPTO, and 2-speed PTO, they are designed for over 30 agricultural applications. These models cater to the agricultural sector's demand for reliable and efficient machinery, highlighting diesel's continued relevance in emerging markets
   
• Moreover, continuous innovations are improving diesel engine efficiency and reducing emissions. For instance, in April 2024, Weichai Power demonstrated a diesel engine with a record-breaking thermal efficiency of 53.09%, verified by international testing bodies. This advancement signifies a 14% improvement in fuel efficiency over previous models, showcasing diesel technology's potential for sustainability and cost-effectiveness in off-highway applications.
   

Based on applications, the off highway vehicle engines market is segmented into construction equipment, mining equipment, agricultural equipment, forestry equipment, and others. In 2024, the construction equipment category expected to dominate due to rising infrastructure projects and urban development globally.
 

• Rapid urbanization, expansion of smart cities, and significant government investments in large-scale public works including roads, highways, bridges, and airports are fueling the demand for high-performance construction machinery. Equipment such as excavators, bulldozers, and backhoe loaders require robust engine power and durability, making them essential for handling complex construction tasks across both developed and emerging markets.
   
• For instance, in December 2024, the Indian government has announced that private airports will invest over ?60,000 crore in infrastructure by fiscal 2027, aiming to handle 65 million more passengers annually. This surge in construction activities necessitates advanced machinery, thereby propelling the demand for high-powered off-highway vehicle engines.
   
• Additionally, construction equipment requires engines with high torque, durability, and fuel efficiency to perform in harsh and variable terrains. This demand has led to consistent upgrades in engine technologies tailored for construction-specific needs, including hybrid and low-emission diesel engines, further strengthening the segment’s dominance.
   
• Moreover, emerging economies across Asia-Pacific and Latin America are investing heavily in commercial and residential construction, boosting equipment sales. Leading OEMs continue to launch advanced engine-powered equipment to meet both performance and emissions regulations, supporting growth in this application area.
   
• In January 2024, Bosch Rexroth collaborated with Modine to integrate Modine's EVantage thermal management systems into Bosch's eLION portfolio. This partnership aims to enhance the performance and efficiency of electrified off-highway machinery globally, addressing the growing demand for sustainable construction equipment.
   

Based on engine type, the off highway vehicle engines market is segmented into internal combustion engines (ICE), hybrid engines, and electric engines. In 2024, the internal combustion engines (ICE) category is expected to dominate due to rising infrastructure projects and urban development globally.
 

• Internal combustion engines (ICE) dominate the market due to their mature infrastructure and decades-long operational reliability. These engines are well-suited for demanding environments like mining, agriculture, and construction, where consistent power output and durability are critical.
   
• Unlike electric alternatives, internal combustion engines (ICEs) can operate continuously without the need for recharging, making them well-suited for remote or underdeveloped regions with limited power infrastructure. This reliability has maintained their strong demand among OEMs and fleet operators, especially in developing countries where access to consistent electricity remains a challenge.
   
• ICEs offer a high power-to-weight ratio and relatively low initial costs, making them a cost-effective option for off-highway applications. Their power density is particularly important in heavy-duty machinery such as excavators, bulldozers, and harvesters, which require robust torque and performance over long hours. Maintenance practices and supply chains for ICE components are well-established globally, further reinforcing the value proposition for OEMs and end users alike, especially in cost-sensitive markets.
   
• For instance, in September 2023, Perkins introduced the 2600 Series, a 13-liter diesel engine platform designed for demanding off-highway applications. The engine offers power ratings from 456 to 690 horsepower and up to 3,200 Nm of peak torque. It is engineered to deliver best-in-class power density, torque, and fuel efficiency for heavy-duty applications in agriculture, construction, and other sectors. The 2600 Series is also compatible with renewable fuels such as 100% hydrotreated vegetable oils (HVO) and B100 biodiesel, aligning with the industry's move towards lower-carbon solutions.

In 2024, the China region in Asia-Pacific dominated the off highway vehicle engines market with around 38% market share in Asia-Pacific and generated around USD 4.4 billion in revenue.
 

• China's market is experiencing significant growth, primarily fueled by extensive infrastructure development and rapid industrialization. The country's ambitious projects in road construction, urban development, and mining activities have escalated the demand for robust construction and mining equipment.
   
• In addition, the increasing demand for construction and mining equipment in China has been a pivotal factor in the region's dominance in the off-highway vehicle engine market. This surge is further supported by China's position as one of the largest tractor markets globally, indicating a robust agricultural sector that also contributes to the demand for off-highway engines.
   
• The Chinese government's stringent emission regulations have propelled technological advancements in off-highway vehicle engines. Manufacturers are investing heavily in research and development to produce engines that comply with these standards while maintaining performance.
   
• For instance, in January 2023, Cummins introduced the CS IV range of off-highway engines specifically designed for the Chinese market, offering power outputs suitable for various applications, including construction and mining equipment. These engines are engineered to deliver higher power output and torque, addressing the increasing demand for high-performance and efficient engines in China's growing construction and infrastructure sectors.
   
• Furthermore, China is witnessing a significant shift towards alternative fuels and electrification in the off-highway vehicle sector. The rapid adoption of liquefied natural gas (LNG) trucks has reduced the country's reliance on diesel, with LNG trucks accounting for 42% of heavy-duty truck sales in 2024. This transition is driven by the lower cost of LNG and the government's efforts to reduce pollution and improve energy security. Additionally, China's push for electrification, backed by substantial state investments, has positioned the country as a leader in clean energy technologies, including electric vehicles and battery storage.
   

The off highway vehicle engines market in Germany is expected to experience significant and promising growth from 2025 to 2034.
 

• Germany holds a strong position in the European market, primarily driven by its established manufacturing base in construction, mining, and agricultural machinery. The country’s leading OEMs such as Liebherr, MAN, and Deutz AG continuously invest in engine technology to meet EU emissions standards while ensuring power and efficiency. With large-scale infrastructure projects and ongoing demand for agricultural mechanization, Germany shows stable demand for both diesel and hybrid powertrains in off-highway applications.
   
• Germany's stringent emission regulations, such as EU Stage V, have spurred innovation in cleaner internal combustion engines and hybrid systems. Engine manufacturers are heavily investing in R&D to develop more fuel-efficient and low-emission diesel engines that comply with these standards. Additionally, the German government's climate goals under the Climate Action Plan 2050 encourage alternative fuel research, influencing OEMs to explore biodiesel-compatible engines and hybridization, especially in municipal and construction equipment fleets.
   
• For instance, in June 2024, BAE Systems signed a €42 million contract with Tatra Defense Vehicle to produce 250 BvS10 all-terrain vehicles for Germany, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. These vehicles are designed for challenging terrains and are integral to military operations. The contract reflects Germany's ongoing investment in versatile off-highway vehicles, bolstering the market for specialized engines in such equipment.
   

The off highway vehicle engines market in the U.S. is expected to experience significant and promising growth from 2025 to 2034.
 

• The U.S. is anticipated to witness substantial growth in the market, fueled by large-scale infrastructure development, rising mechanization in agriculture, and increasing mining activities. Government investments under initiatives like infrastructure investment and jobs act are accelerating demand for construction equipment, which in turn boosts engine requirements. Additionally, stringent emission regulations are driving innovation in fuel-efficient and low-emission engines, further propelling market expansion across major industries.
   
• The revival of the U.S. mining industry, driven by increasing demand for critical minerals like lithium, copper, and rare earth elements, has significantly boosted the need for heavy-duty mining machinery. These machines rely on high-horsepower off-highway engines to operate in extreme and rugged conditions. As domestic mining projects grow, especially in Nevada and Arizona, the demand for robust and efficient engines continues to accelerate, supporting market expansion.
   
• For instance, in January 2024, Volvo construction equipment introduced the EW240 Electric Material Handler, a zero-emission machine designed for urban applications.
   

Off Highway Vehicle Engines Market Share

• Top 5 companies of the market are Deere & Company, Caterpillar Inc., Komatsu Ltd, FPT Industrial, and Volvo Group around 53% of the market in 2024.
   
• Deere & Company focuses on advanced engine technology and sustainable solutions for off-highway vehicles, particularly in the agricultural and construction sectors. The company emphasizes precision agriculture and smart construction, integrating engines with IoT, GPS, and AI-based systems for enhanced fuel efficiency and operational control. Deere also invests in hybrid and fully electric drivetrains, with a commitment to reducing emissions and supporting sustainable farming practices. Its engines are optimized for variable power outputs, ensuring high performance under diverse field and construction conditions.
   
• Caterpillar’s strategy revolves around improving engine durability and fuel efficiency while complying with stringent emissions regulations. The company continues to develop Stage V and Tier 4 Final-compliant engines and is investing in alternative fuels, including hydrogen and HVO. Caterpillar also integrates advanced control systems and analytics to support smart engine operations and boost lifecycle value.
   
• Komatsu focuses on hybrid technology integration and engine optimization for fuel efficiency and emissions reduction. The company emphasizes electrification in construction and mining vehicles, with a roadmap toward carbon neutrality. Komatsu also invests in automation and remote-control solutions that integrate engine performance with digital systems to improve productivity and operational sustainability.
   
• FPT Industrial focuses on developing versatile engines compatible with multiple low-carbon fuels such as natural gas, hydrogen, and biofuels. Their off-highway strategy emphasizes high-performance, low-emission engines optimized for construction and agricultural machinery. The company is also investing in hybrid powertrains and fuel-agnostic platforms while enhancing digital diagnostics and remote monitoring technologies.
   
• Volvo Group is actively transitioning toward electric and hybrid powertrains in off-highway applications. Their strategy includes the development of modular engine platforms that support multiple fuel types, including biodiesel and HVO. They also integrate connectivity and telematics for predictive maintenance and efficient fleet management, aligning with their long-term goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2040.
   

Off Highway Vehicle Engines Market Companies

Major players operating in the off highway vehicle engines industry are:

• Caterpillar
• CNH Industrial
• Cummins
• Deere & Company
• Doosan Infracore
• FPT Industrial
• Isuzu Motors
• Komatsu
• Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
• Volvo
   

Manufacturers are increasingly adopting a dual powertrain strategy enhancing traditional internal combustion engines (ICEs) while investing in hybrid and electric variants. This approach enables companies to serve existing markets that continue to depend on diesel engines, while also preparing for a gradual shift toward cleaner propulsion technologies. The objective is to offer a comprehensive product portfolio that ensures operational flexibility and compliance with evolving environmental standards.
 

Additionally, companies are increasingly investing in hybrid and electric powertrains to reduce dependency on diesel and align with decarbonization targets. While internal combustion engines still dominate, firms are introducing electric alternatives for low-duty applications and hybrid solutions in mid-range power outputs. This phased transition strategy allows them to test electrification technologies in real-world conditions while retaining revenue from traditional engine platforms in heavy-duty and rural sectors.
 

Digital integration is becoming central to product development strategies. Engine makers are embedding telematics, predictive maintenance tools, and smart diagnostics to enhance machine performance and uptime. This approach supports fleet managers in optimizing operational efficiency and lifecycle management. In addition, leveraging AI and data analytics allows real-time monitoring, which reduces total cost of ownership (TCO) and adds competitive value beyond the engine’s mechanical performance.
 

Off Highway Vehicle Engines Industry News

• In February 2025, CNH commenced production of its 2.8-litre TREM V-compliant F28 engine at its Greater Noida facility. Initially designed for construction equipment adhering to CEV V norms, the engine will later power agricultural machinery once TREM V emission standards are implemented. This initiative underscores CNH's commitment to innovation and localization in India.
   
• In February 2025, Komatsu commenced proof-of-concept testing of its HD785 dump truck, now equipped with a 12-cylinder hydrogen combustion engine developed in collaboration with German firm KEYOU. Conducted at Komatsu's Ibaraki Plant, the trials aim to evaluate performance, fuel efficiency, and safety. This initiative marks a significant step toward Komatsu's goal of achieving carbon neutrality by 2050.
   
•  In November 2024, The German PoWer consortium, led by Mahle, announced the development of hydrogen-powered engines for off-highway vehicles in construction and agriculture. The three-year project, backed by €5.1 million in funding, unites OEMs, suppliers, and academic institutions. Supported by TÜV Rheinland, the initiative aims to advance hydrogen engine powertrain technologies.
   
• In April 2024, Cummins Inc. introduced its Next Generation X15 engine at Intermat in Paris. This 15-liter diesel engine, part of the HELM platform, offers up to 700 hp and 3,200 Nm torque, with fuel options including diesel, natural gas, and hydrogen. Designed for Stage V emissions compliance, it features improved fuel efficiency, extended 1,000-hour maintenance intervals, and reduced operating costs, catering to high-duty off-highway applications.
   
• In February 2024, Cummins unveiled its H2 internal combustion engine at Intermat 2024, specifically optimized for off-highway applications. The updated B6.7H engine boasts enhanced durability and components tailored for demanding environments. Cummins plans to launch all variants by 2026–2027, facilitating a smooth transition from diesel to hydrogen.
   
• In January 2024, Bosch Rexroth collaborated with Modine to integrate EVantage thermal management systems into its ELION electrified drive portfolio. Targeted at off-highway vehicles in construction, agriculture, and mining, the partnership aims to enhance operational efficiency and accelerate the global shift to sustainable electrified machinery.
   
• In June 2023, ZeroNox Inc., a specialist in sustainable off-highway vehicle electrification, entered into a product development agreement with Kubota Corporation to electrify off-highway applications. The collaboration aims to accelerate the adoption of eco-friendly technologies in the sector.
   
• In March 2023, John Deere launched its new 85 P-Tier excavators at CONEXPO. The model delivers nearly 18% more horsepower than the previous 85 G-Tier and includes a turbocharger for enhanced high-altitude performance.
   

The off highway vehicle engines market research report includes in-depth coverage of the industry with estimates & forecasts in terms of revenue ($ Mn/Bn) and shipment (Units) from 2021 to 2034, for the following segments:

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Market, By Power output

• Below 50 HP
• 50–100 HP
• 101–200 HP
• 201–400 HP
• Above 400 HP

Market, By Fuel

• Diesel
• Gasoline
• Others

Market, By Application

• Construction equipment
• Mining equipment
• Agricultural equipment
• Forestry equipment

Market, By Engine

• Internal combustion engines (ICE)
• Hybrid engines
• Electric engines

The above information is provided for the following regions and countries:

• North America
  • U.S.
  • Canada
• Europe
  • Germany
  • UK
  • France
  • Italy
  • Spain
  • Russia
  • Nordics
• Asia Pacific
  • China
  • Japan
  • India
  • South Korea
  • ANZ
  • Southeast Asia
• Latin America
  • Brazil
  • Mexico
  • Argentina 
• MEA
  • UAE
  • Saudi Arabia
  • South Africa