Penetration Testing as-a-Service Market Size & Share 2026-2035

Penetration Testing as-a-Service Market Size

The global penetration testing as-a-service market was valued at USD 2.3 billion in 2025. The market is expected to grow from USD 2.6 billion in 2026 to USD 12 billion in 2035 at a CAGR of 18.3%, according to latest report published by Global Market Insights Inc.

Due to increased cyberattacks such as ransomware attacks, phishing attacks, and advanced persistent threats (APTs), companies feel the need to bolster their security systems, and one way of achieving this is by using PTaaS. The FBI's Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) reported USD 16.6 billion in cybercrime losses in the United States in 2024 alone, a 33% year-over-year increase and the highest figure recorded since IC3's inception. Ransomware remained the most pervasive threat to critical infrastructure in 2024, with IC3 recording a 9% increase in ransomware complaints and identifying 67 new variants during the year. ^{[1]Federal Bureau of Investigation Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3), https://www.ic3.gov}

Regulatory pressure has transitioned from a supplementary to a primary demand driver across multiple verticals and geographies. By October 17, 2024, in Europe, the NIS2 Directive (Directive EU 2022/2555) extended mandatory cybersecurity risk-management obligations including systematic penetration testing of critical information systems to an estimated 160,000 entities across 18 critical sectors, with member state transposition required. ^{[2]EUR-Lex – Directive (EU) 2022/2555 (NIS2), https://eur-lex.europa.eu} The Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA), effective January 17, 2025, introduced scenario-based Threat-Led Penetration Testing (TLPT) requirements for EU financial institutions and their critical ICT service providers, mandating engagement of qualified, independent third-party testers using intelligence-led methodologies. ^{[3]European Commission – Digital Operational Resilience Act (DORA), https://ec.europa.eu}

The increased use of cloud computing, multi-cloud infrastructure, application containers, APIs and hybrid IT infrastructures is leading to an expanded attack surface for organizations. As companies transition their workloads into cloud platforms, the number of exposed assets, identities, configurations, and points of exposure keeps growing. This poses a challenge for security professionals trying to ensure proper coverage across constantly changing cloud infrastructures, which allows attackers to abuse configuration vulnerabilities, excessive privileges, exposed APIs and vulnerable workloads. To tackle this issue, PTaaS solutions have been adopted by many organizations to ensure continuous evaluation of cloud infrastructure and validate protection against attacks in the cloud. In June 2025, Tenable published its 2025 Cloud Security Risk Report, which stated that 9% of publicly available cloud storage had sensitive information of which 97% of exposed information was categorized as either restricted or confidential.

The global cybersecurity workforce gap reached an estimated 4.8 million professionals in 2024, a 19% year-over-year increase even as the active workforce stalled at approximately 5.5 million individuals, according to the ISC2 2024 Cybersecurity Workforce Study. Among surveyed security leaders, 67% reported team-level staffing shortages, 90% identified skills gaps at their organizations, and 58% cited staff deficits as a material risk to organizational security posture. ^{[4]ISC2 – Cybersecurity Workforce Study, https://www.isc2.org} The penetration testing-as-a-service sector is one that directly tackles this limitation through provision of access to expertise in specialist testers red teams, cloud security engineers, OT/ICS, and API security experts that firms simply do not have the funding or employee incentives to hire.

Penetration Testing as-a-Service Market Trends

Many organizations have shifted their approach towards continuous penetration testing for identifying vulnerabilities at the moment rather than conducting tests only once every year. Such an approach is gaining momentum due to DevSecOps practices and ever-changing threat scenarios. According to the findings of our Q3 2025 survey of 285 security operations leaders within enterprises in North America and Western Europe, 63% of respondents said they had either deployed or considered deploying continuous penetration testing, up from just below 30% reporting a similar intent 18 months ago. However, the far more significant result of our 2025 survey was the fact that continuous testing is no longer perceived as an optional, value-added service but is increasingly expected as the norm by security-minded corporate boards, insurance carriers, and regulatory bodies.

The use of artificial intelligence is emerging as an integral part of today’s PTaaS solutions that provide automation in discovering vulnerabilities, analyzing attack paths, determining the risks, and setting remediation priorities. Thanks to machine learning and generative AI technologies, it will be possible to save time on testing, increase the precision of threat detection, and efficiently fix existing vulnerabilities. The AI technology is especially useful when it comes to protecting huge cloud infrastructures and applications. In April 2025, a number of cybersecurity providers presented the first generative AI-powered penetration testing assistants.

There is currently a marked trend towards cloud native PTaaS platforms that can be used to accommodate contemporary IT architecture like container, microservices, Kubernetes environment, APIs, and multiclould environments. Such platforms can offer visibility, automation, and integration into DevSecOps pipelines. With an increasing number of workloads migrating to the cloud, the need for testing platforms grows as well. In February 2025, Cobalt expanded its cloud-native PTaaS capabilities with enhanced integrations for CI/CD pipelines and cloud application testing, reflecting growing demand for continuous cloud security validation.

The increasing popularity of crowdsourced testing for security has emerged owing to the growing need to have greater visibility into vulnerabilities along with the availability of different cybersecurity experts. With the combination of PTaaS with the bug bounty and ethical hacking process, companies are able to find vulnerabilities that may remain undiscovered by other forms of testing. The current trend is quite prevalent in firms associated with technology, finance, and e-commerce. In May 2025, HackerOne expanded enterprise-focused crowdsourced penetration testing services, while Bugcrowd introduced enhanced managed bug bounty and PTaaS offerings to help organizations improve vulnerability discovery and strengthen cybersecurity resilience.

Penetration Testing as-a-Service Market Analysis

Based on testing, penetration testing as-a-service market is divided into network penetration testing, web application testing, mobile application testing, API security testing, cloud security testing, OT/ICS & IoT testing, social engineering testing and red team & adversary simulation. Network penetration testing dominated the market, accounting for 20.5% share in 2025 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 14.9% through 2026 to 2035.

• Network penetration testing market ranks second, can be explained by the maturity of technology utilized for network security, as well as the shift in workloads from on-premises solutions to cloud-based, where network boundary testing proves ineffective.
• Web application testing assesses web applications for vulnerabilities such as SQL injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), and authentication flaws. This testing helps organizations secure customer-facing applications and sensitive data.
• API security testing is the fastest-growing segment at a CAGR of 24.4%. In our Q1 2026 survey of 180 CISOs and security procurement leads across North America, Asia Pacific, and Europe, 58% indicated they planned to expand their API security testing budget in the following 12 months, citing microservices proliferation and third-party API integrations as the primary driver while only 22% planned to increase investment in traditional network penetration testing relative to current levels.
• OT/ICS & IoT testing assesses operational technology (OT), industrial control systems (ICS), and Internet of Things (IoT) devices for security risks. This testing is essential for protecting critical infrastructure and connected industrial environments.

• The managed penetration testing services involve the implementation of end-to-end security testing done by experts in cybersecurity. The provider takes care of everything involved, including planning, implementation, reporting, and recommendations for security improvements to ensure the organization can focus on their key business activities.
• PTaaS using the platform model allows companies to use a single cloud platform that integrates the automated vulnerability scanning process, the penetration testing process itself, and validation by professionals. These platforms allow visibility of potential risks, thereby allowing for better identification of vulnerabilities.
• The need for constant security testing, shorter remediation times, and DevSecOps implementation is what makes PTaaS more attractive when it comes to the platform model. Large corporations and digitally mature organizations see great benefit in using PTaaS solutions.
• Such types of services are particularly useful for companies that lack the necessary knowledge and skills in terms of cybersecurity or do not have any team members dedicated to carrying out penetration testing tasks.

Based on organization size, penetration testing as-a-service market is segmented into large enterprises and small & medium enterprises (SMEs). Large enterprises segment dominates the market, accounting for 63.6% share in 2025, and the segment is expected to grow at a CAGR of 16.9% from 2026 to 2035.

• Large enterprises make up the majority of the PTaaS market because of the robustness of their IT infrastructure, cloud services, and the vast amount of sensitive data they hold. Penetration testing on a regular basis allows such organizations to manage the challenges of attack surfaces while improving their cyber resilience.
• There are other aspects that also drive organizations towards PTaaS solutions. They include regulatory compliance, increasing cyber threats, and heavy investments made by companies in their digital transformation projects.
• SMEs are now increasingly turning to PTaaS in order to meet challenges arising from growing cyber-attacks, which have become quite sophisticated and more complex in nature. PTaaS provides SMEs with highly developed skills of security testing without investing heavily in having a team of experts working internally.
• PTaaS is highly flexible and scalable and thus fits very well into the needs of SMEs that have low budgets for cybersecurity. With the growth in digitization and the expansion of businesses online, SMEs are poised to be some of the fastest-growing clients in the PTaaS industry.

Based on end use, the penetration testing as-a-service market is divided into BFSI, IT & telecom, healthcare & lifesciences, government & defense, retail & E-commerce, energy & utilities, manufacturing, others. BFSI dominates the market, accounting for 24.8% share in 2025, and the segment is expected to grow at a CAGR of 16.9% from 2026 to 2035.

• BFSI's structural dominance reflects the concentration of high-value targets, core banking platforms, payment processing infrastructure, brokerage systems, and retail banking portals, combined with the densest regulatory testing mandate environment of any vertical.
• Healthcare & Lifesciences is the fastest-growing end-use segment as healthcare organizations utilize PTaaS to protect patient records, connected medical devices, and healthcare applications from cyberattacks and regulatory risks.
• Government agencies and defense organizations conduct continuous security testing to safeguard critical infrastructure, classified information, and national security systems. Growing digital transformation initiatives and increasing geopolitical cyber risks are accelerating PTaaS adoption across the public sector. These services support stronger cyber resilience and improved preparedness against advanced threats.
• Retail and e-commerce firms apply PTaaS solutions in order to ensure protection of online shopping platforms, payment gateways, customer database management systems, and supply chain management systems. With the rising number of transactions that take place via digital channels, this sector has become one of the prime targets of cyber criminals. With growing reliance on omnichannel retail and cloud computing technologies by the retailers, risks of security breaches have grown considerably.

U.S. penetration testing as-a-service market reached USD 729.2 million in 2025, with a CAGR of 16.5% from 2026 to 2035.

• U.S. has become the most attractive destination for PTaaS owing to its high spending on cybersecurity, extensive cloud infrastructure, and regulatory policies. Businesses belonging to various industries including finance, healthcare, technology, and government have turned towards continuous security validation to improve their cybersecurity posture.
• The well-developed cybersecurity landscape in the country enables the speedy implementation of PTaaS tools that leverage automation along with manual testing. Businesses are turning towards continuous and on-demand pen test offerings rather than once-a-year testing in view of changing threats and business environment.
• Businesses are adopting remote working, cloud native applications, application programming interfaces, and connected devices at a large scale leading to increasing exposure to threats. This is forcing businesses to adopt PTaaS platforms that provide them with up-to-date information regarding their vulnerabilities and priorities.
• High number of established cybersecurity companies and security services providers coupled with the presence of an extensive cybersecurity regulation regime is fueling the growth of this market. Rising interest in AI-based testing solutions will keep the market flourishing during the forecast period.

North America dominated the penetration testing as-a-service market with a market size of USD 841.1 million in 2025.

• North America is the major player in the PTaaS market owing to enhanced security consciousness among companies, superior digital landscape, and substantial investments made by firms towards information security measures.
• The region enjoys a well-developed cloud computing environment, software as a service (SaaS), and digital transformation across various industries. This development has led to an increased demand for scalable PTaaS services which can analyze distributed IT infrastructures.
• Data protection, financial security, and critical infrastructure security regulatory structures promote organizations to perform regular vulnerability assessments. The provision of PTaaS allows companies not only to remain compliant with regulations but also increase their security stance.
• The shortage of security talent in the market is another factor contributing to the popularity of such services. Companies see outsourcing security assessments as an economical way to hire experienced personnel for security testing.

Europe penetration testing as-a-service market accounted for a share of 27.5% and generated revenue of USD 624.4 million in 2025.

• Europe is one of the major PTaaS markets due to the high level of data protection policies, developed digital economies, and growing cyber-attack activities. Firms and institutions within the area are actively focusing on the use of proactive cybersecurity strategies to ensure proper data security and regulatory compliance.
• Implementation of strict cybersecurity guidelines and privacy rules makes the necessity of conducting ongoing vulnerability assessment and penetration testing more pronounced. Companies require PTaaS services that provide transparency in reporting, conduct testing regularly, and provide speedy remediation.
• Among the prominent PTaaS users include financial institutions, healthcare organizations, manufacturers, and public sector organizations. Use of cloud computing solutions, as well as the need to protect connected devices, further drives adoption of PTaaS services.
• Increased concerns regarding security in the context of supply chains and ransomware attacks also drive market growth. More European companies have started to embrace PTaaS services.

Germany dominates the penetration testing as-a-service market, showcasing strong growth potential, with a CAGR of 18.2% from 2026 to 2035. 

• Germany represents a major cybersecurity market in Europe that plays an active role in PTaaS growth. Due to the developed industry sector of Germany, numerous projects focused on digital transformation generate huge demand for security assessment services.
• In turn, manufacturing businesses, automotive companies, financial organizations, as well as critical infrastructure owners apply PTaaS-based security testing solutions to uncover potential vulnerabilities in OT and IT systems.
• The importance of security testing services cannot be underestimated in the context of increasing interconnection within production systems. In addition, German enterprises prioritize compliance with regulations, risk management, and data security.
• Rapid development of Industry 4.0, cloud computing, and smart manufacturing creates new opportunities for further cybersecurity priorities in the country. Thus, PTaaS vendors providing industrial security testing solutions are expected to succeed in the market.

The Asia Pacific penetration testing as-a-service market is anticipated to grow at the highest CAGR of 21.6% from 2026 to 2035 and generated revenue of USD 557.2 million in 2025.

• The Asia Pacific region is set to witness the most rapid growth in the PTaaS market owing to rapid digitalization, increasing cloud deployments, and cyberattacks. Many organizations from both developed and developing countries are making efforts towards the modernization of their cybersecurity strategies.
• The fast pace of development witnessed in the fields of e-commerce, digital banking, telecommunication, and information technology is creating increased vulnerability among many businesses. PTaaS helps in identifying weaknesses through constant monitoring of their systems.
• Cybersecurity programs being launched by the government have resulted in organizations focusing on implementing better security practices. Critical infrastructures and digital assets require enhanced testing services owing to the security requirements.
• SMEs are also gaining importance as adopters of PTaaS platforms owing to their cost-effectiveness and scalability. The subscription-based pricing model makes security testing services available to entities that lack cybersecurity expertise.
• The Australian Cyber Security Centre (ASD's ACSC) reported a 16% year-over-year increase in calls to the national cyber security hotline in FY2024–25, responding to more than 1,200 cybersecurity incidents during the year an 11% increase and notifying entities more than 1,700 times of potentially malicious cyber activity, an 83% increase.^{[5]Australian Signals Directorate – Cyber.gov.au, https://www.cyber.gov.au}

China penetration testing as-a-service market is estimated to grow with a CAGR of 22.2% from 2026 to 2035.

• China represents an emerging PTaaS market characterized by high digital transformation, deployment of cloud computing technologies, and rising security consciousness. The organizations in China are spending more money on security products amid rising cyber threats.
• The development of its technology and finance industries along with thriving e-commerce market creates robust demand for vulnerability assessment and penetration testing services. Companies want their testing to be continuous to ensure the safety of their highly advanced IT systems.
• Interest from the government on cybersecurity and protecting important information infrastructures is encouraging firms to beef up their security. Regulatory requirements have made it necessary to conduct frequent assessments of security controls.
• The expansion in cloud services, adoption of AI applications, and digitalization campaigns across industries are some areas that would offer growth opportunities to the PTaaS vendors. The large enterprises with significant amounts of digital assets will be the key customers.

Latin America penetration testing as-a-service market shows lucrative growth over the forecast period. 

• Latin America is increasingly adopting PTaaS solutions amid the rising instances of cyber-attacks and digitalization. The organizations operating within the Latin American countries have become aware of the repercussions of cybersecurity breaches on their finances and processes.
• The rise of various aspects of online transactions like online banking, online payment systems, cloud computing, and online commerce has led to the demand for constant security testing. The companies want to adopt efficient solutions for cybersecurity to ensure continuous monitoring and identification of vulnerabilities.
• There are many enterprises in the region facing cybersecurity issues because of the lack of cybersecurity experts and resources. PTaaS solutions are ideal in helping such organizations due to their ability to provide security experts on a subscription basis.
• In addition to that, there are efforts being made by the governments to create strong cybersecurity frameworks for improving security practices. Such trends will facilitate steady growth of the market over the forecast period.

Brazil penetration testing as-a-service market is estimated to grow with a CAGR of 18.4% from 2026 to 2035 and reached USD 304.2 million in 2035.

• Brazil stands out as the most significant PTaaS market in Latin America owing to its large economy, growing digital ecosystem, and rising security investments. Companies are now focusing on vulnerabilities in light of increased and advanced cyber-attacks.
• Financial services is a key consumer of penetration testing solutions in Brazil as a result of advanced digitization of the banking sector. Other notable verticals are retail, healthcare, and telecommunication sectors.
• The increased cloud migration and digital transformation initiatives have made enterprise infrastructure more complex and difficult to manage, increasing the need for PTaaS platforms in light of the same.
• Increasing efforts to develop cybersecurity guidelines and standards is prompting companies to engage in security assessment programs. The trend is anticipated to continue with growing maturity of organizations from a cybersecurity perspective.

Middle East and Africa penetration testing as-a-service market accounted for USD 88 million in 2025 and is anticipated to show lucrative growth over the forecast period.

• Middle East and Africa are among the regions experiencing substantial growth in the PTaaS market due to the increased investments by firms and governments in cybersecurity infrastructure. Digitization of firms and smart cities present various challenges in terms of cybersecurity, hence the need for constant testing.
• Firms operating in sectors such as banking, energy, telecom, and even the government sector are prioritizing the implementation of proactive cybersecurity strategies. Through PTaaS, the firms are able to identify all their vulnerabilities that could be exploited by cyber attackers.
• With more firms migrating to cloud technology, increased use of digital services and high internet usage in the region, there has been an increase in the attack surface. There is need for firms to find solutions to assess their cybersecurity that are flexible.
• Increased cybersecurity policies within nations and regulations are boosting the penetration testing services. There is more demand expected for the solution.

UAE penetration testing as-a-service market is expected to experience substantial growth in the Middle East and Africa knowledge graph market, with a CAGR of 20.3% from 2026 to 2035. 

• UAE appears to be becoming one of the prominent PTaaS markets in the Middle East due to digital transformation efforts and significant financial commitments towards enhancing cybersecurity. The authorities and organizations in the United Arab Emirates attach great significance to cybersecurity.
• Increasingly important roles played by smart cities, cloud-first strategy, and development of the financial technology industry raise concerns about cybersecurity. As a result, businesses start employing penetration testing as a service platform to evaluate digital infrastructure in real time.
• Organizations belonging to banking, governmental, healthcare, and energy sectors make up the key customer groups for penetration testing services. In addition, penetration testing becomes increasingly popular among organizations that should meet stringent regulatory requirements regarding cybersecurity.
• UAE position as the centre of technology and business in the region encourages cybersecurity developments in the country. As organizations adopt sophisticated digitalization strategies, the demand for scalable and continuous PTaaS will increase considerably.

Penetration Testing as-a-Service Market Share

The top 7 companies in the AI assistant market NetSPI, HackerOne, NCC Group, Cobalt, Synack, CrowdStrike, Bugcrowd contributing 20.2% of the market in 2025.

• NetSPI is one of the most prominent players in PTaaS, offering its continuous penetration testing platform and automation services. This company provides its services to large enterprises from various industries, including financial services, healthcare, and technology companies, providing proactive security solutions.
• HackerOne is considered one of the world’s largest crowdsourced cybersecurity companies. The company connects enterprises with a community of ethical hackers that helps the organization discover vulnerabilities within their digital environment.
• NCC Group is a world-renowned consulting and security assurance company. The company has a vast experience in penetration testing, ICS/OT security, and security-related risks. Due to its active work in highly regulated industries such as government, finance, and critical infrastructure, the company is considered one of the most reliable security companies in the world.
• Cobalt provides PTaaS through a sophisticated method that involves using a demand-based platform that incorporates a global community of expert and vetted security researchers. Cobalt is known for its fast-testing capabilities, transparency and efficiency of collaboration, as well as simple integration into DevSecOps and software engineering.
• Synack offers cybersecurity testing that combines the utilization of artificial intelligence tools with the engagement of a highly vetted hacker community called the Synack Red Team. The company stands out for its ability to provide reliable security testing solutions to government agencies, defense contractors, and other organizations that need extremely high assurances regarding their safety.
• CrowdStrike is a leading cybersecurity company best known for its cloud-powered Falcon platform and excellent threat intelligence system. While CrowdStrike is primarily linked with endpoint security and managed detection services, it also offers services associated with security testing and vulnerability assessment.
• Bugcrowd is one of the best crowdsourced cybersecurity companies providing crowdsourced security testing, penetration testing, bug bounties, and attack surface management services. The company can easily help organizations find vulnerabilities thanks to its large community of hackers and testers worldwide.

Penetration Testing as-a-service Market Companies

Major players operating in the penetration testing as-a-service industry are:

• Bugcrowd
• Cobalt
• HackerOne
• ImmuniWeb
• NCC 
• NetSPI
• Outpost24
• Rapid7
• Secureworks
• Synack

• Penetration Testing-as-a-Service (PTaaS) represents an extremely competitive market environment which includes traditional cybersecurity consultancy firms, pure-play PTaaS firms, and crowdsourcing platforms. Major competitors in this space include NetSPI, Cobalt, Synack, HackerOne, and NCC Group, among others. These players are competing on such criteria as testing quality, platform features, testing automation, access to research communities, sector-specific expertise, and timeliness of vulnerability resolution. Continuous testing practices, cloud-enabled platforms, and integration into DevSecOps processes represent the new ways for vendors to distinguish themselves.
• A major trend that the PTaaS market experiences at present is an increased focus on leveraging artificial intelligence and machine learning for vulnerability detection, attack surface management, and crowdsourced security testing. This, together with strategic partnerships, platform upgrades, mergers and acquisitions, and exploration of innovative sectors such as artificial intelligence and language models security, operational technology and industrial control systems penetration testing, and cloud security, are currently seen as important competitive strategies.

Penetration Testing as-a-Service Industry News

• In Nov 2025, Bugcrowd completed the acquisition of Mayhem Security, an AI-native offensive security firm, to integrate automated continuous penetration testing and proof-based API vulnerability validation into its crowdsourced PTaaS platform, accelerating the company's human-in-the-loop AI testing model.
• In Nov 2025, NetSPI was named a Leader and Outperformer in the 2025 GigaOm Radar for Penetration Testing as a Service, recognized for its unified platform spanning PTaaS, EASM, CAASM, and BAS, and for exceptional growth in capability development over the prior year.
• In Nov 2025, Cobalt was named a Leader and Fast Mover in the 2025 GigaOm Radar for Pentest-as-a-Service for the fourth consecutive year, reinforcing its position in scalable, expert-led, continuous offensive security.
• In Aug 2025, Synack launched Active Offense, powered by the Sara (Synack Autonomous Red Agent) AI architecture, combining autonomous exploit validation with escalation to the Synack Red Team's 1,500+ elite security researchers for complex findings.

The penetration testing as-a-service market research report includes in-depth coverage of the industry with estimates & forecasts in terms of revenue ($ Mn/Bn) from 2022 to 2035, for the following segments:

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Market, By Testing

• Network penetration testing
• Web application testing
• Mobile application testing
• API security testing
• Cloud security testing
• OT/ICS & IoT testing
• Social engineering testing
• Red team & adversary simulation

Market, By Offering

• Platform-based PTaaS
  • Self-serve continuous testing platforms
  • Crowdsourced security testing platforms
  • AI-augmented automated platforms
• Managed penetration testing services
  • Expert-led recurring engagements
  • Hybrid (platform + managed) delivery

Market, By Organization Size

• Large enterprises
• SMEs

Market, By End Use

• BFSI
  • Banking & retail financial services
  • Insurance
  • Capital markets & fintech
• IT & telecom
• Healthcare & lifesciences
• Government & defense
• Retail & E-commerce
• Energy & utilities
• Manufacturing
• Others

The above information is provided for the following regions and countries: 

• North America 

• U.S. 

• Canada 

• Europe 

• Germany 

• UK 

• France 

• Italy 

• Spain 

• Netherlands
• Sweden
• Poland

• Asia Pacific 

• China 

• India 

• Japan 

• South Korea 

• Australia 
• Indonesia
• Thailand

• Latin America 

• Brazil 

• Mexico 

• Argentina 

• MEA 

• South Africa 

• Saudi Arabia 
• UAE