Authors:
Kiran Pulidindi, Kavita Yadav
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Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) Market Size & Share 2026-2035
Report ID: GMI2474
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Published Date: October 2026
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Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) Market
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Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) Market Size
The vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) market was valued at USD 5.17 billion in 2025, is expected to reach USD 5.44 billion in 2026, is projected to expand at a 6.7% CAGR (2026–2035), and is forecast to reach USD 9.90 billion by 2035.
Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) Market Key Takeaways
Market Leader: Celanese Corporation led with over 25% market share in 2025.
Leading Players: Top 5 players in this market include Sinopec Group, LyondellBasell, Wacker Chemie AG, Kuraray Co. Ltd., Celanese Corporation, which collectively held a market share of 30% in 2025.
The market is moving beyond the revenue correction associated with the earlier feedstock-cost cycle, with future expansion increasingly dependent on underlying derivative demand rather than inflation-led price realization. EVA consumption in photovoltaic encapsulants, alongside VAE, PVAc, PVOH, and EVOH demand in construction chemicals, packaging, and coatings, will determine both volume growth and the mix of merchant and captive VAM consumption.
Vinyl acetate monomer is primarily produced from ethylene, acetic acid, and oxygen through catalytic processes and is subsequently polymerized into materials used in adhesives, emulsions, films, coatings, and specialty packaging. Demand-side conditions favor integrated producers that can link VAM output to downstream derivative platforms, while merchant suppliers remain more exposed to feedstock volatility, regional oversupply, and logistics constraints.
GMI Analyst View
Our demand-side analysis of the VAM supply chain, drawing on producer reports, trade intelligence, and direct engagement with industry participants, indicates that the market reached USD 7.99 billion in 2022. We view the subsequent revenue correction as principally price-led rather than a collapse in downstream polymer demand, establishing a more disciplined base for recovery as solar encapsulants, sustainable packaging polymers, and water-based adhesive systems expand.
Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) Market Trends, Growth Drivers & GMI Forecast Outlook
Solar-linked EVA demand is reshaping the product mix toward polymer-grade material, while additions to Asian production capacity are sustaining pressure on merchant-market margins. The forecast depends on whether downstream consumption in solar, adhesives, coatings, and packaging absorbs supply quickly enough to support utilization and investment discipline.
Key Drivers
*Evidence anchors use cited external data; demand implications and forecast conditions represent GMI analysis.*
VAM demand benefits from its position upstream of EVA encapsulant production, where module manufacturing activity determines resin requirements before final solar installations occur. That linkage makes EVA a high-impact outlet for polymer-grade VAM, but it also exposes demand to inventory corrections across the solar supply chain. The investment case is strongest where producers combine reliable ethylene and acetic acid access with downstream EVA integration.
Outside solar, the market has a broader demand base than its headline growth narrative suggests. Water-based PVAc and VAE systems are gaining relevance in construction adhesives, architectural coatings, paper treatment, and flexible packaging, where formulation changes support lower-VOC products and more specialized barrier performance. These applications provide a stabilizing source of consumption when photovoltaic supply chains move through periods of destocking.
Key Restraints
*Evidence anchors use cited external data; demand implications and forecast conditions represent GMI analysis.*
The principal commercial restraint is the mismatch between fast capacity commissioning and the pace at which derivative demand can absorb new output. Chinese projects are particularly consequential because local VAM supply is increasingly paired with EVA, VAE, and other downstream assets, allowing domestic producers to protect operating rates while exerting pressure on merchant pricing across the region.
Feedstock exposure further complicates the recovery. Ethylene, acetic acid, natural gas, coal, and naphtha economics affect production routes differently by region, creating uneven cost positions and intermittent supply disruption risk. At the same time, growing use of POE and hybrid encapsulant constructions in advanced photovoltaic modules can reduce the VAM intensity of solar demand over time, raising the value of specialty VAE, EVOH, and higher-purity derivative positions.
GMI Analyst View
We expect demand growth to remain structurally credible but commercially uneven. Solar-related EVA consumption provides the strongest expansion vector, whereas adhesives, coatings, and packaging provide resilience rather than acceleration. In our view, the central issue is the speed at which Chinese downstream utilization absorbs new VAM capacity; that outcome will determine whether growth translates into healthier global margins or a more prolonged regional pricing divide.
Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) Market Segment Analysis
By Grade
Polymer Grade — Commodity accounted for 50.0% of market revenue in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 5.45 billion by 2035. The vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) market relies on polymer-grade material for high-volume EVA, PVAc, and VAE production. Solar encapsulant demand gives this grade the clearest volume upside, although the same exposure makes it sensitive to photovoltaic inventory cycles and any sustained migration toward POE-based encapsulants.
Industrial Grade generated USD 1.55 billion in 2025 and is projected to represent 25.0% of revenue in 2035. Industrial-grade demand remains anchored in general-purpose emulsions, coatings, and adhesive formulations. Its relative position is shaped by a gradual split between high-volume polymer specifications and higher-value specialty requirements, even as expanding construction and packaging activity maintains a substantial addressable base.
Specialty Grade generated USD 620 million in 2025 and is forecast to grow at a 6.7% CAGR (2026–2035). Specialty material serves applications where purity, consistency, and formulation performance matter more than bulk-volume economics, including barrier packaging, optical films, and precision adhesives. This segment is better insulated from commodity price swings because downstream customers place greater weight on qualification, reliability, and product specification integrity.
High-Purity Grade represented 8.0% of market revenue in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 792 million by 2035. High-purity VAM serves demanding EVOH, specialty PVOH, and electronic-material applications. Its commercial importance lies in the quality-control requirements of downstream customers, which create higher qualification barriers and favor producers with established specialty polymer integration.
By Derivative Application
PVOH generated USD 1.65 billion in VAM demand in 2025 and is projected to account for 28.0% of market revenue in 2035. PVOH demand spans paper coatings, textile sizing, adhesive systems, packaging films, and optical applications. Its broad application footprint makes it a stabilizing derivative outlet, although growth is less directly tied to solar manufacturing than EVA and increasingly depends on higher-value film and packaging uses.
EVA represented 28.0% of market revenue in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 3.76 billion by 2035. EVA is the market's principal growth application because encapsulant-film demand connects VAM consumption to the global photovoltaic manufacturing cycle. Footwear foam, wire and cable, and flexible packaging add volume diversity, but solar module production remains the decisive driver of EVA-led demand expansion.
PVAc generated USD 1.09 billion in VAM demand in 2025 and is forecast to grow at a 4.5% CAGR (2026–2035). PVAc remains essential to wood adhesives, paper coatings, construction bonding, and carpet applications. Its slower trajectory reflects mature demand in developed construction markets and competition from water-resistant VAE and other advanced binder chemistries, while emerging-market construction and packaging preserve positive consumption momentum.
VAE Copolymer accounted for 14.0% of market revenue in 2025 and is expected to generate USD 1.19 billion by 2035. VAE is central to tile adhesives, exterior insulation finishing systems, mortars, and redispersible polymer powders. Its demand is supported by the rising technical sophistication of construction systems in Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East, where specification-led building products broaden the use of polymer-modified materials.
EVOH generated USD 155 million in market revenue in 2025 and is forecast to grow at a 6.7% CAGR (2026–2035). EVOH is a strategically attractive specialty outlet because of its oxygen-barrier performance in multilayer food, medical, and industrial packaging. Tighter food-protection expectations and the push for material-efficient packaging support its role, while formulation complexity and qualification requirements favor established specialty supply chains.
Others (PVB, etc.) represented 2.0% of market revenue in 2025 and are expected to reach USD 198 million by 2035. Other derivatives, led by PVB, retain relevance in laminated glass, architectural glazing, automotive safety applications, and specialized adhesive systems. Their demand profile is more diversified than solar-facing EVA but is also more vulnerable to substitution by alternative interlayer and engineered-polymer technologies.
By End-Use Industry
Adhesives & Sealants are expected to generate USD 1.98 billion in market revenue by 2035 and represented 22.0% of revenue in 2025. Adhesives and sealants provide the broadest end-use foundation for VAM derivatives. Water-based formulation trends, construction activity, wood products, packaging conversion, and solvent-reduction requirements sustain consumption across PVAc and VAE systems, limiting dependence on a single downstream industrial cycle.
Paints & Coatings are projected to reach USD 1.49 billion by 2035 and accounted for 18.0% of revenue in 2025. Paint and coating applications rely on VAM-derived binders for architectural emulsions, exterior coatings, paper and board surfaces, and industrial primers. Mature Western demand constrains the pace of expansion, but product reformulation and growing construction activity in developing economies provide continued support.
Electronics & Solar generated USD 776 million in 2025 and is forecast to reach USD 2.57 billion by 2035. Electronics and solar represent the most consequential shift in the end-use mix. EVA encapsulation demand links the vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) market to photovoltaic manufacturing, while optical PVOH applications broaden exposure to electronics materials. The segment's growth will influence both polymer-grade product requirements and regional capacity decisions.
Construction represented 14.0% of market revenue in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 1.19 billion by 2035. Construction demand is driven by VAE-based mortars, tile adhesives, exterior insulation systems, renders, and related building-chemical applications. Adoption is supported by urban development and increasingly technical building specifications, although demand remains exposed to housing cycles and regional infrastructure spending.
Packaging is expected to reach USD 1.39 billion by 2035 and accounted for 12.0% of revenue in 2025. Packaging uses VAM derivatives in coatings, barrier films, and adhesive systems that address food protection, flexible-packaging conversion, and paper-based formats. EVOH and PVOH are particularly relevant where barrier performance and material efficiency command a premium over conventional packaging structures.
Textile generated USD 362 million in 2025 and is projected to represent 6.0% of market revenue in 2035. Textile demand is associated with warp sizing, fiber bonding, and finishing applications that use PVOH and PVAc-based materials. Capacity expansion in Asian textile manufacturing supports ongoing consumption, although alternative sizing agents limit prospects for a material share gain.
Paper & Pulp is expected to generate USD 396 million by 2035 and is forecast to grow at a 4.3% CAGR (2026–2035). Paper and pulp consumption centers on surface sizing, coatings, and strength-enhancing formulations. Packaging board provides the key source of resilience, while structural weakness in graphic paper limits the pace of broader demand expansion.
Automotive generated USD 207 million in 2025 and is forecast to contract at a -0.4% CAGR (2026–2035). Automotive use is concentrated in PVB interlayers and adhesive applications. The segment faces substitution risk in premium glazing and does not yet receive enough incremental demand from electric-vehicle assembly to offset pressure on conventional VAM-derived applications.
Others generated USD 155 million in 2025 and are expected to reach USD 99 million by 2035. Other end uses include smaller specialty coatings, agricultural-film, and niche polymer applications. Their decline reflects migration toward acrylic, polyurethane, and bio-derived alternatives where performance, sustainability positioning, or formulation requirements favor competing chemistries.
GMI Analyst View
We see the segment outlook as an increasingly polarized portfolio: EVA provides the strongest growth engine, while adhesives, coatings, packaging, and specialty films create a more durable demand floor. The strategic question is whether VAM producers can capture solar-linked growth without becoming overexposed to a single encapsulant chemistry, particularly as module architectures evolve and specialty derivative markets become more important to margin quality.
Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) Market Regional Analysis
North America Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) Market Analysis
North America represented 24.0% of the vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) market in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 2.18 billion by 2035. The region combines mature demand from adhesives, coatings, and packaging with an expanding solar-related EVA opportunity. Integrated acetyl-chain infrastructure improves supply security and cost positioning, but operating economics remain sensitive to feedstock conditions, unplanned outages, and the rate at which domestic manufacturing investment converts into downstream polymer consumption.
U.S.
The U.S. generated USD 1.07 billion in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 1.87 billion by 2035. U.S. demand is supported by construction chemicals, packaging, specialty polymers, and an expanding domestic solar-manufacturing base. Gulf Coast integration remains a competitive advantage, giving producers access to established acetyl-chain capabilities and export optionality for nearby regional markets.
Canada
Canada generated USD 112 million in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 196 million by 2035. Canadian demand is concentrated in construction adhesives, wood bonding, packaging coatings, and related industrial applications. The country's engineered-wood and building-materials sectors provide a steady downstream base, while supply remains closely tied to North American trade and logistics conditions.
Europe Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) Market Analysis
Europe generated USD 1.14 billion in 2025 and is forecast to grow at a 5.7% CAGR (2026–2035). European demand reflects a higher concentration of specialty VAE, PVOH, EVOH, adhesive, and packaging applications than many commodity-led markets. High energy and production costs constrain operating flexibility, but regulatory preference for low-VOC formulations and technical construction materials continues to support downstream consumption of VAM derivatives.
Germany
Germany represented 5.5% of global market revenue in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 475 million by 2035. Germany is both a material consumption center and a strategic production location for specialty polymers and construction chemicals. Demand is linked to VAE dispersions, PVOH, automotive glazing, packaging, and technical adhesive systems, while local manufacturers face the broader challenge of preserving utilization in a high-cost European operating environment.
UK
The UK generated USD 171 million in 2025 and is forecast to grow at a 4.9% CAGR (2026–2035). The UK market is supported by construction adhesives, architectural coatings, and packaging-film demand. Its relatively mature end-use mix places a premium on differentiated products, customer service, and supply reliability rather than simple volume growth.
France
France represented 3.3% of global market revenue in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 277 million by 2035. French demand centers on construction coatings, adhesives, and specialty packaging applications. Regulatory and customer emphasis on lower-emission formulations supports VAM-derived water-based systems, although building-sector conditions continue to influence near-term purchasing behavior.
Asia Pacific Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) Market Analysis
Asia Pacific generated USD 2.22 billion in 2025 and is expected to represent 45.0% of global market revenue in 2035. Asia Pacific is the principal center of both VAM demand and supply growth. Solar module manufacturing in China, construction chemicals across South and Southeast Asia, and expanding packaging consumption create a broad demand base, but dense new capacity also makes the region the key source of global merchant-market pricing pressure.
China
China generated USD 1.62 billion in 2025 and is forecast to grow at a 7.3% CAGR (2026–2035). China's role is defined by its scale in EVA, VAE, PVAc, and solar module production, as well as by the expansion of integrated domestic VAM capacity. The competitive balance depends on whether new output is absorbed through captive derivative chains or is redirected into merchant channels that intensify regional and export-market pricing pressure.
Japan
Japan represented 4.3% of global market revenue in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 356 million by 2035. Japan is weighted toward high-value PVOH, EVOH, optical-film, and specialty adhesive applications rather than commodity VAM consumption. This derivative profile supports demand for tightly specified material and rewards producers that can meet exacting quality, traceability, and performance requirements.
South Korea
South Korea generated USD 178 million in 2025 and is forecast to grow at a 5.8% CAGR (2026–2035). South Korea combines a substantial VAM production base with demand from EVA, electronics, displays, and specialty polymer exports. Its position within Northeast Asian supply chains gives local suppliers access to regional customers, while also exposing the market to shifts in module manufacturing, polymer exports, and Chinese capacity utilization.
India
India is expected to reach USD 356 million by 2035 and is forecast to grow at a 10.4% CAGR (2026–2035). India's market is supported by expanding solar manufacturing, construction activity, packaged-food consumption, and textile production. Import dependence creates an opening for localized supply and technical support, but it also leaves downstream users sensitive to international trade flows, freight costs, and supplier reliability.
Latin America Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) Market Analysis
Latin America is expected to reach USD 693 million by 2035 and represented 6.0% of global market revenue in 2025. The region's growth is supported by construction, consumer packaging, wood products, and a developing solar market. Import reliance is a defining commercial characteristic: suppliers able to manage logistics, local inventory, and technical service can differentiate even where regional VAM production remains limited.
Brazil
Brazil represented 3.6% of global market revenue in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 402 million by 2035. Brazil's wood-products and construction sectors make PVAc and VAE demand particularly relevant. The combination of building activity, adhesives consumption, and consumer-packaging needs supports a diversified VAM derivative profile, although demand remains exposed to local economic and construction cycles.
Mexico
Mexico generated USD 78 million in 2025 and is forecast to grow at a 9.1% CAGR (2026–2035). Mexico benefits from manufacturing growth, proximity to U.S. supply, and expanding use of adhesives and coatings in industrial and consumer applications. Its location supports more responsive supply-chain options than many import-dependent Latin American markets, making commercial execution and cross-border logistics important competitive differentiators.
Middle East & Africa Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) Market Analysis
Middle East & Africa generated USD 259 million in 2025 and is forecast to grow at an 8.7% CAGR (2026–2035). The region's demand is being shaped by Gulf infrastructure investment, construction-chemical adoption, solar project development, and developing packaging markets. Limited local supply relative to consumption increases the importance of imported material availability, regional distribution, and technically capable customer support.
Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia is expected to reach USD 297 million by 2035 and represented 2.5% of global market revenue in 2025. Saudi demand is tied to construction programs, housing development, infrastructure investment, and growing solar deployment. Local petrochemical capabilities and regional trade access offer advantages for suppliers serving the GCC, particularly where VAM can be integrated into downstream construction and packaging materials.
UAE
The UAE generated USD 52 million in 2025 and is expected to reach USD 119 million by 2035. The UAE market is supported by construction activity, real-estate development, coatings, and adhesive consumption. Its function as a regional trading and distribution hub also makes supply availability and commercial responsiveness material to market participation.
South Africa
South Africa generated USD 34 million in 2025 and is forecast to grow at an 8.5% CAGR (2026–2035). South Africa's position as a comparatively developed manufacturing economy in the region supports demand for construction adhesives, coatings, and packaging-related materials. Demand growth is contingent on industrial activity, infrastructure investment, and reliable access to imported VAM and downstream polymer inputs.
GMI Analyst View
We expect regional demand to diverge more sharply than global averages imply. Asia Pacific will remain the decisive market for volume, capacity, and pricing, while India, Latin America, and the Gulf represent distinct growth opportunities shaped by import dependence and evolving downstream industries. In our view, producers with flexible supply networks and application-level technical support will capture more value than those competing solely through commodity availability.
Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) Market Share & Competitive Landscape
The vinyl acetate monomer (VAM) market share structure is moderately concentrated, with the top five producers collectively accounting for 55% of market revenue in 2025. Competition is shaped by capital intensity, catalyst and process expertise, integration with downstream polymerization, access to ethylene and acetic acid, and the operational challenge of distributing a reactive chemical across long distances.
Celanese Corporation held 25% of global market share in 2025. Celanese's competitive position rests on its integrated acetyl-chain platform and its ability to connect VAM production with downstream VAE, EVA, and related derivative markets. This integration strengthens its ability to manage product flows, serve large accounts, and respond to regional disruptions, although the company remains exposed to utilization pressure when oversupply weakens merchant-market pricing.
Sinopec Group held 9% of global market share in 2025. Sinopec's position is reinforced by its domestic Chinese petrochemical network and captive downstream outlets for VAE, PVOH, PVAc, and related derivatives. Its scale and regional integration make it a significant force in determining whether capacity additions remain internally absorbed or increase merchant-market availability.
LyondellBasell held 9% of global market share in 2025. LyondellBasell benefits from a footprint spanning North America and Europe, serving VAM-related derivative chains and export-oriented customers. The company's position depends on maintaining reliable supply to mature markets while using its production network to address opportunities in import-reliant destinations.
Wacker Chemie AG is differentiated by its integrated VAM-to-VAE position and concentration in construction chemical intermediates. Its business model places greater emphasis on VAE dispersions and redispersible polymer powders than on commodity VAM exposure alone. This downstream specialization supports customer intimacy and margin differentiation, especially where building-material specifications require proven performance and consistent technical support.
Kuraray Co., Ltd. occupies a specialty position across VAM-derived PVOH, EVOH, optical-film, and PVB value chains. Kuraray's competitive strength lies in downstream applications where purity, barrier performance, optical quality, and customer qualification create meaningful entry barriers. The company expanded its sustainability credentials by obtaining ISCC PLUS certification across vinyl acetate-related products and supply-chain sites, strengthening its offer to customers seeking certified material pathways in packaging, food-contact, and specialty-film applications [5]Kuraray Co., Ltd.. “Kuraray Acquires ISCC PLUS Certification at Three Sites in Japan.” kuraray.com.
LOTTE INEOS Chemical Co., Ltd. operates a major dedicated VAM platform in South Korea, oriented toward Northeast Asian demand and export markets. The company's position is closely tied to EVA and specialty polymer demand, with regional capacity and logistics supporting supply to Japan, Southeast Asia, and other Asian markets. Its commercial relevance increases as the region's solar and derivative polymer supply chains become more integrated.
Dairen Chemical Corporation serves Asian VAM and VAE markets through an integrated production model. Its position in construction chemicals and emulsion applications reflects the importance of regional customer proximity and derivative integration, particularly in markets where technical product support can be as important as basic monomer supply.
Sipchem participates in VAM and acetyls markets from Saudi Arabia, serving regional construction, packaging, and industrial demand. Its Saudi position offers a strategic link to GCC growth markets, where infrastructure spending and downstream polymer adoption are expanding. The company's role is strengthened by its access to a regional petrochemical ecosystem and proximity to import-dependent customers.
Chang Chun Group participates across VAM, PVAc, PVOH, and related Asian chemical value chains. Its integrated portfolio supports adhesive, textile, and industrial demand while allowing the company to align monomer production with downstream polymer requirements. This structure is increasingly important where merchant VAM margins are under pressure.
Dow Inc. participates in VAM derivative markets through EVA and specialty polymer offerings. Its downstream focus places the company close to photovoltaic, wire and cable, footwear, and performance-material applications. This positioning makes derivative formulation and customer qualification more important to its participation than direct commodity VAM exposure.
Mitsubishi Chemical Group serves specialty VAM derivative applications in Japan, including display, packaging, and industrial adhesive markets. The company's downstream orientation reflects the value of high-performance materials in a market where product purity, film properties, and end-use qualification can command greater strategic importance than commodity monomer scale.
Shenghong Refining & Chemical Co., Ltd. is part of China's expanding integrated refining and petrochemical landscape. Its VAM and downstream development contributes to the supply-side shift toward larger, more integrated Chinese complexes. The commercial consequence is increased pressure on producers that lack comparable feedstock integration or downstream offtake.
Crasus Chemical Inc. participates in VAM-related markets through regional operations serving defined customer segments. Regional suppliers can retain relevance through responsive service, targeted product offerings, and access to local demand pockets, even as large integrated producers dominate broader volume markets.
Sinopec Great Wall Energy & Chemical Co., Ltd. contributes to China's domestic VAM production network. Its participation illustrates the breadth of local supply options available to Chinese derivative producers and reinforces the importance of domestic capacity discipline to the regional merchant-market balance.
Asian Paints Limited is extending into VAM-adjacent chemical integration to support coatings and adhesive raw-material requirements. Backward integration can reduce exposure to monomer procurement risk and improve control over formulation inputs. This approach signals how downstream users may increasingly seek supply security where VAM availability and price volatility affect core product economics.
Recent Industry Developments
Celanese reported an accelerated restart of its Frankfurt VAM unit and commissioned a new VAE emulsions reactor at the same site in April 2026. The development indicates renewed operational emphasis on integrated conversion of acetyl-chain inputs into downstream materials and is relevant to European supply availability for construction chemicals and adhesive applications [6]Celanese Corporation (via Innov8Chem). “Celanese Reports Accelerated Restarts and Reactor Commissioning Across Acetyls and Engineered Materials Network.” innov8chem.com.
Guangxi Huayi Chemical commissioned a 300,000-tonne-per-year VAC unit in China in June 2026. The project adds to the country's integrated VAM supply base and reinforces the capacity-driven competitive pressure facing merchant suppliers in Asia and export-linked markets [7]Mysteel. “China VAC Capacity Up 8% YoY to 4.19 mln t/y in 2026.” mysteel.net.
Kuraray announced the expansion of its ISCC PLUS-certified VAM-related supply chain across Japanese, European, and U.S. operations in 2025. The certification strengthens the company's ability to address customer demand for certified-sustainable material options across PVOH, EVOH, and optical-film applications [5]Kuraray Co., Ltd.. “Kuraray Acquires ISCC PLUS Certification at Three Sites in Japan.” kuraray.com.
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