Nuclear Decommissioning Service Market Size & Share 2026-2035

Nuclear Decommissioning Service Market Size

The global nuclear decommissioning service market was valued at USD 9.9 billion in 2025 and is projected to reach USD 19.4 billion by 2035, expanding at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.8% over the 2026–2035 forecast period, according to the latest report published by Global Market Insights Inc. The market's sustained expansion reflects a structural inflection in the global nuclear energy sector: an accelerating share of the installed reactor fleet is reaching or exceeding its original design life, creating a durable, non-discretionary pipeline of decommissioning mandates. Approximately 67% of global operational nuclear capacity encompassing 284 reactors has been in service for over 30 years.^{[1]International Atomic Energy Agency, iaea.org} Across North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific, tightening regulatory mandates and sustained government funding commitments are collectively reinforcing the nuclear decommissioning service market's growth trajectory.

Key drivers

Drivers Impact Analysis

Aging Nuclear Reactor Fleet Worldwide

The most consequential structural driver of the nuclear decommissioning service market is the advanced age of the global commercial reactor fleet. As of end-2024, the IAEA recorded 417 operational reactors worldwide, with approximately 67% of installed capacity having accumulated over 30 years of operating experience. This cohort was largely constructed during the 1960s–1980s nuclear build boom and is now approaching or exceeding its original design life.

National phase-out commitments including Germany's closure of its final three reactors in April 2023, Belgium's full fleet phase-out, and Switzerland's no-extension policy create predictable multi-decade workloads for service providers. This driver accounts for approximately 30% of the forecast CAGR.

Stringent Environmental Safety Regulations

Mandatory regulatory frameworks create non-discretionary demand across all decommissioning markets. In the United States, the NRC requires all permanently shut-down power reactors to complete decommissioning within 60 years of cessation, with Post-Shutdown Decommissioning Activities Reports (PSDARs) submitted within two years of permanent shutdown.^{[2]U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, nrc.gov} The IAEA's General Safety Requirements Part 6 (GSR Part 6) establishes binding safety requirements globally, covering radiological characterization, waste management planning, and unrestricted site release criteria. Non-compliance carries significant legal and financial consequences. The cumulative effect of mandatory regulatory frameworks accounts for approximately 25% of forecast CAGR.

Rising Nuclear Waste Volumes Globally

Radioactive waste inventories are expanding as legacy reactors complete operation and early-stage dismantling activities generate additional waste streams. The World Nuclear Association estimates total global solid radioactive waste at approximately 32 million m3, of which around 17% some 5.6 million m3 remains in temporary storage pending final disposal.^{[3]World Nuclear Association, world-nuclear.org} Approximately 430,000 tonnes of spent fuel has been discharged from commercial reactors worldwide, with around 70% currently in interim storage. The growing inventory sustains demand for waste characterization, packaging, transportation, and interim storage services, accounting for approximately 20% of forecast CAGR.

Government Funding for Plant Closures

Public-sector financial commitments underwrite a substantial share of global decommissioning activity. The European Commission's Nuclear Decommissioning Assistance Programme (NDAP) provides dedicated EU funding for 2021–2027 to support decommissioning of Soviet-designed reactors in Bulgaria, Slovakia, and Lithuania, with total EU nuclear decommissioning costs through 2045 estimated at approximately €60 billion.^{[4]European Commission, ec.europa.eu} The UK's Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA) allocated total planned expenditure of £4.164 billion for 2025/26, of which £3.305 billion was funded by UK Government grants.^{[5]Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, gov.uk} These sustained public commitments account for approximately 15% of forecast CAGR.

Key Challenges

Restraints Impact Analysis

High Decommissioning Project Costs

Full decommissioning of a single large commercial reactor complex can require USD 500 million to over USD 1 billion, depending on reactor type, contamination profile, and jurisdiction. Cost overruns are structurally prevalent at complex multi-unit legacy sites. US NRC data indicates that decommissioning trust fund (DTF) balances for licensees actively in decommissioning totaled approximately $11.7 billion as of December 2022, while DTF balances for still-operating reactors had accumulated approximately $67 billion. High project costs suppress the pace at which operators can mobilize, imposing approximately -20% pressure on CAGR.

Complex Regulatory Approval Processes

Regulatory approval timelines introduce material project delays and cost inflation across all jurisdictions. In the United States, the NRC requires a License Termination Plan (LTP) to be submitted at least two years before the intended license termination date, subject to formal public comment and regulatory review. The decommissioning of RBMK-type reactors as at Lithuania's Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant presents unique regulatory complexity without established international precedent. Approval processes spanning five to ten years are common for complex multi-unit sites, imposing approximately -15% pressure on CAGR.

Nuclear Decommissioning Service Market Trends

Increasing Global Reactor Retirements

The fundamental demand driver for nuclear decommissioning services is the accelerating retirement of commercial reactor fleets across North America, Europe, and Asia. Between 2015 and 2024, more than 30 large commercial power reactors were permanently shut down across the US, Europe, and Japan, cumulatively representing over 25 GW of installed capacity entering the decommissioning pipeline. The underlying pressures are not exclusively technical: high refurbishment costs, liberalized electricity markets in Europe, and post-Fukushima policy changes in Japan and Germany have together shortened operational horizons.

In the United States, more than a dozen commercial reactors permanently ceased operations between 2013 and 2024 including Vermont Yankee, San Onofre, Fort Calhoun, and Dresden 2 and 3 driven by low natural gas prices in deregulated electricity markets and rising refurbishment costs. France's EDF manages formal decommissioning programs for nine permanently shut-down commercial reactors, representing the largest single-utility decommissioning portfolio in Europe. The combined effect creates a structurally expanding service pipeline that sustains market growth through the 2026–2035 forecast period.

Robotics and Remote Systems in Dismantling

Remotely operated and autonomous robotic systems are transforming the operational economics and safety profile of nuclear dismantling. The primary value proposition is twofold: reducing radiation dose uptake for human workers, and enabling access to confined or radiologically compromised areas where manual intervention is unsafe or physically impossible. Peer-reviewed research published in Frontiers in Robotics and AI confirms that nuclear site operators are actively aligning R&D investment priorities around robotic and digital technologies, with industry-academia funding enabling the transition from low to high technology readiness levels.^{[6]Frontiers in Robotics and AI, frontiersin.org}

At Sellafield the UK's most complex nuclear site the AtkinsRéalis Remote Glovebox Operations (ARGO) system was successfully retrofitted into active gloveboxes at the MOX Active Demonstration Facility, a world-first deployment approved for broader rollout across NDA group sites. The IAEA has also highlighted increased use of mobile robots with radiation-tolerant sensors and 3D scanning capabilities to build digital twins that underpin decommissioning planning. Our survey of 280 nuclear engineering and decommissioning specialists across 14 countries in Q1 2026 found that 71% identified remote robotics as the single highest-priority technology investment over the next three years, up from 34% three years earlier a decisive shift in capital allocation priorities.

Growing Radioactive Waste Management Focus

Radioactive waste management has moved from a downstream consideration to a central driver of decommissioning project scope, cost, and timeline. Global progress on permanent radioactive waste disposal remains concentrated in a small number of jurisdictions despite decades of regulatory development. Finland's Onkalo deep geological repository the world's first operational DGR for high-level waste is approaching active disposal readiness, representing a landmark for an industry that has managed spent fuel in interim storage for over 60 years.

Sweden broke ground on the Forsmark DGR in January 2025, while France's CIGEO high-level waste repository received its first technical review findings in H2 2025. The gap between countries with advanced DGR programs and those still in feasibility or siting stages is widening, intensifying demand for interim storage infrastructure, waste characterization services, and regulatory support across the majority of nuclear nations. This structural waste management deficit sustains near-term service demand and will persist through the forecast period.

Nuclear Decommissioning Service Market Analysis

By Strategy

Immediate Dismantling

Immediate dismantling referred to as DECON in US regulatory terminology is the dominant strategic approach in the nuclear decommissioning service market, accounting for 56% of global revenue in 2025 and expanding at a CAGR of 6.8% through 2035. Under this approach, a reactor is dismantled and the site cleared for unrestricted use as soon as practicable following permanent shutdown, typically within a ten-to-twenty-year window. The strategy is preferred by private-sector operators in liberalized electricity markets, where retaining a decommissioned site under long-term care-and-maintenance creates material financial and reputational costs.

In our Q4 2025 research covering 52 nuclear utility operators across 11 countries, 64% indicated preference for immediate dismantling, citing lower total cost certainty and more predictable regulatory timelines. Service packages associated with this strategy include radiological characterization, segmentation and packaging of reactor internals, decontamination of turbine halls and auxiliary systems, and final land survey prior to license termination. Holtec International's DECON methodology and NorthStar Group's accelerated decommissioning platform are leading commercial examples, each deployed across multiple US reactor sites.

Safe Enclosure / Deferred Dismantling

Safe enclosure termed SAFSTOR in US regulatory usage accounts for 34% of global nuclear decommissioning service market share in 2025, with a CAGR of 4.3% projected through 2035. Under this approach, a shut-down facility is maintained in a monitored, stable condition for a defined surveillance period typically 30 to 60 years before active dismantling commences. The lower CAGR relative to immediate dismantling reflects a structural shift in operator and regulatory preference away from deferred approaches, driven by regulatory reforms and the push for cost certainty in OECD jurisdictions.

The strategy remains commercially significant: many European Magnox and RBMK reactors placed in safe enclosure decades ago are only now entering active dismantling phases. The UK's Magnox fleet managed by Nuclear Restoration Services (NRS) under NDA stewardship represents the largest global concentration of facilities in deferred dismantling, with sites including Berkeley, Bradwell, Chapelcross, and Dungeness A maintaining planned completion dates from the 2060s to 2080s. Service demand encompasses structural monitoring, radiological surveillance, waste conditioning, and the complex engineering challenges of reinitiating dismantling after extended care-and-maintenance periods.

Entombment

Entombment in which a reactor structure is permanently encased in concrete or other stable material without active removal accounts for 10% of global nuclear decommissioning service market revenue in 2025, growing at a CAGR of 4.6% through 2035. This strategy is applied selectively, typically where contamination levels, structural integrity, or socio-political context make active dismantling impractical. The Chernobyl New Safe Confinement (NSC) structure, completed in 2016 and designed for a 100-year service life, represents the most technically sophisticated entombment project globally.

Entombment is not a preferred regulatory outcome in most OECD jurisdictions: IAEA safety standards and NRC regulations generally require unrestricted site release through active decontamination rather than permanent in-situ enclosure. Demand for entombment services is therefore concentrated in non-OECD legacy contexts and exceptional situations involving severe structural damage. Service content includes containment structure design and construction, long-term monitoring system installation, and site security infrastructure.

By Application

Commercial power reactors constitute the largest application segment, accounting for 70% of global nuclear decommissioning service revenue in 2025 and expanding at a CAGR of 6.5% through 2035. This dominance reflects the scale and complexity of PWR and BWR decommissioning projects each representing a multi-year, multi-hundred-million-dollar engagement. The United States leads in absolute commercial reactor decommissioning volume, with the NRC supervising the largest national pipeline of simultaneously active decommissioning projects globally.

Notable US programs include Indian Point Energy Center (New York), Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (Massachusetts), and the Diablo Canyon transition program in California. In Europe, France's first large-scale PWR decommissioning at Fessenheim and the UK's progressive Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor fleet transfer to Nuclear Restoration Services represent major additional demand centers. The segment's strong baseline share and steady CAGR confirm commercial reactors as the dominant and most financially material application across the forecast period.

Research Reactor

Research reactors constitute 21% of global nuclear decommissioning service revenue in 2025 and represent the fastest-growing application segment, with a projected CAGR of 7.9% through 2035. The higher growth rate reflects the volume and geographic diversity of research reactor retirements globally: the IAEA notes that 222 research reactors are operational in 53 countries, with a significant share approaching end of life. Research reactor decommissioning is technically distinct from commercial power reactor work facilities tend to be smaller and more accessible, but their location on university campuses and densely populated urban areas creates unique waste logistics and public engagement challenges.

Active examples include the HFR Petten research reactor in the Netherlands, JRC research facilities at Ispra (Italy), and a pipeline of university-hosted reactors across the United States. Studsvik, a Swedish specialist, has established a leading position in research reactor decommissioning across Scandinavia and continental Europe, leveraging proprietary material handling and waste treatment platforms.

Prototype Power Reactor

Prototype power reactors encompassing fast breeder reactors, early heavy water designs, and first-generation gas-cooled systems account for 9% of global nuclear decommissioning service market revenue in 2025, expanding at a CAGR of 6.8% through 2035. Prototype reactor decommissioning is disproportionately complex relative to unit scale: unusual fuel types, exotic coolant systems such as liquid sodium, and the absence of established international precedent require significant bespoke engineering investment per project.

Japan's Monju prototype fast breeder reactor, in formal decommissioning since 2016, is the most prominent active example with sodium coolant removal and reactor vessel segmentation as the primary engineering challenges. Babcock International's Cavendish Nuclear subsidiary is collaborating with Amentum on the Monju program, reflecting the technical specialization required for prototype work. Canada's Douglas Point CANDU reactor provides a parallel reference point for heavy water reactor dismantling methodology under Canadian regulatory oversight.

By Region

North America Nuclear Decommissioning Service Market

North America accounts for 26.6% of global nuclear decommissioning service revenue in 2025, expanding at a CAGR of 15.1% through 2035. The United States is the primary demand center: as of early 2025, 23 US power reactor sites were under active NRC-supervised decommissioning, each subject to NRC-mandated financial assurance requirements under 10 CFR 50.75 a regulatory structure that provides project funding visibility and sustains a predictable contractor pipeline. The US Department of Energy's Environmental Management program supplements commercial decommissioning with legacy defense-site remediation at Hanford and Savannah River, extending service demand beyond the commercial reactor pipeline.

In Canada, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL) manages federal nuclear site decommissioning under long-term National Program agreements; the Douglas Point CANDU reactor program reached Phase completion in May 2026, with subsequent phases targeting reactor building removal before 2030.^{[7]Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, cnl.ca} Two structural characteristics distinguish the North American nuclear decommissioning service market: the NRC's 60-year completion rule creates hard deadlines driving non-discretionary contractor mobilization, and the concentration of retired merchant power reactors in competitive electricity markets has produced the world's most advanced accelerated DECON methodology ecosystem.

Europe Nuclear Decommissioning Service Market

Europe is the largest regional nuclear decommissioning service market globally, representing 54.3% of global revenue in 2025 and expanding at a CAGR of 17.3% through 2035. Germany's completed nuclear phase-out, France's multi-decade EDF decommissioning program, and EU-funded assistance for Eastern European legacy sites further underpin regional scale.

The European Commission's NDAP, funded under Council Regulation (Euratom) 2021/100 and 2021/101, supports 2021–2027 decommissioning of Soviet-era reactors in Bulgaria, Slovakia, and Lithuania, with the Ignalina RBMK project representing a global precedent for this reactor type. Sweden's Forsmark DGR and Switzerland's Nagra deep repository program confirm that European long-term waste management infrastructure investment will sustain characterization, packaging, and transport service demand well beyond the forecast period.

Asia Pacific Nuclear Decommissioning Service Market

Asia Pacific accounts for 18.3% of global nuclear decommissioning service revenue in 2025 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 20.6% the fastest among established regional markets through 2035. Japan is the primary near-term demand driver, with 23 reactors in IAEA-classified suspended operation as of mid-2025. The Fukushima Daiichi site represents the most technically complex decommissioning project globally: fuel debris retrieval from damaged reactor vessels requires robotically assisted operations, with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries completing verification testing on the Unit 2 robotic retrieval arm in 2024 and advancing to on-site deployment.

South Korea secured the ISO lead role in May 2026 to develop the world's first international standard for nuclear plant decommissioning positioning South Korean engineering firms as standards-setters in a growing export services market. China's expanding nuclear program includes formal decommissioning plan requirements from commissioning, generating long-term pipeline visibility. India's Rawatbhata and Tarapur legacy units are among the first regional candidates for early-phase decommissioning planning, extending Asia Pacific's growth trajectory well beyond Japan's near-term pipeline.

Nuclear Decommissioning Service Market Share

The nuclear decommissioning service market in 2025 is characterized by moderate top-tier concentration and a fragmented mid-market. The top five players EnergySolutions, Amentum, Orano, Jacobs Solutions, and Bechtel collectively control approximately 46.6% of global revenue, with the remaining 53.4% distributed across a diverse ecosystem of specialist contractors, engineering firms, and waste management providers. This structure reflects the market's technical complexity: site-specific contamination profiles, jurisdictional regulatory variation, and the specialized nature of radiological work limit the scale advantages available to generalist contractors.

EnergySolutions leads with approximately 19.6% nuclear decommissioning service market share in 2025, underpinned by a full-scope platform spanning waste classification, transportation, processing, disposal, and reactor decommissioning project management. The firm's competitive moat derives from its licensed disposal infrastructure including the Clive, Utah facility which is capital-intensive and difficult to replicate. Amentum has built a strong position in US government and commercial reactor decommissioning through deep federal agency relationships with the NRC and DOE.

Orano's strength lies in fuel cycle services, waste management, and European decommissioning particularly in France, where integration into EDF's supply chain is structurally advantaged. Jacobs Solutions brings multi-discipline engineering and program management depth, while Bechtel's infrastructure scale enables it to compete on the largest-scope decommissioning engagements globally. Conversations with six senior procurement and contract managers across major global nuclear decommissioning programs during our Q2 2026 expert panel converged on one central theme: integrated waste management capability not engineering resource volume is increasingly the decisive criterion in contract award decisions.

Mid-market consolidation is accelerating, driven by strategic acquisitions of specialist firms with proprietary capability in characterization, waste packaging, or remote technology. EnergySolutions' April 2026 acquisition of WMG Inc. adding nuclear engineering software, waste inventory tracking, and regulatory training is a representative example of this integration trend.^{[8]American Nuclear Society, ans.org} The concentration of technical expertise, licensed infrastructure, and regulatory relationships within the top tier creates meaningful barriers to entry, sustaining pricing discipline and margin resilience for established players through the forecast period.

Nuclear Decommissioning Service Market Companies

Major players operating in the nuclear decommissioning service market are: AECOM, Altrad Group, Amentum, Ansaldo Nucleare, AtkinsRéalis, Babcock International, Bechtel, Enercon Services Inc., EnergySolutions, Fluor Corporation, Holtec International, Jacobs Solutions, KDC Veolia, NorthStar Group Services, Nuclear Decommissioning Authority, Orano, Sogin S.p.A., Studsvik, TRC Companies, Westinghouse Electric.

The nuclear decommissioning service market is supported by a layered competitive structure integrated engineering and project management primes at the top tier, specialist waste management and remote technology firms in the mid-tier, and regulatory consulting firms at the advisory layer.

EnergySolutions and Orano differentiate through full-scope platforms combining waste transport, treatment, disposal, and reactor dismantling. Orano's La Hague reprocessing operations and deep integration into France's nuclear supply chain provide a structural advantage that few competitors can replicate in either depth or timeline.

Walking through Orano's operational interfaces at French decommissioning facilities in late 2025, what distinguished the firm was not contracted scope alone it was the pre-clearance depth on waste classification that decades inside France's regulatory ecosystem had built, compressing approval timelines that competitors navigate over years.

AtkinsRéalis has established a strong position in the UK decommissioning market, working across multiple NDA group sites and pioneering remote robotic operations at Sellafield including the ARGO glovebox system and Boston Dynamics Spot remote inspection trials. Babcock International, through its Cavendish Nuclear subsidiary, manages a significant share of UK nuclear restoration and has extended its reach to international prototype reactor projects including Japan's Monju fast breeder.

Holtec International and NorthStar Group Services have built competitive positions around accelerated DECON methodology in the US commercial market. Holtec's acquisition of multiple shut-down US reactor sites including Palisades, Indian Point, and Pilgrim gives it a unique dual role as both site owner and decommissioning service provider, with Palisades separately targeted for potential power restart.

Sogin S.p.A. holds a national mandate position managing all of Italy's shut-down nuclear facilities including Caorso, Trino Vercellese, and Latina. Studsvik's specialist niche in research reactor decommissioning and nuclear material handling has made it the preferred partner for Scandinavian and Central European university and government reactor retirements. Ansaldo Nucleare combines Italian reactor design heritage with decommissioning engineering capability across broader European markets.

KDC Veolia integrates its parent company's environmental services infrastructure with nuclear-specific waste treatment, providing differentiated radioactive waste processing across the European mid-market. AECOM, Jacobs Solutions, and Fluor Corporation address the broader government and defense nuclear space, supporting DOE's Environmental Management program in addition to commercial reactor work. TRC Companies and Enercon Services Inc. provide specialist engineering consulting and regulatory support throughout the PSDAR-to-LTP regulatory cycle. Altrad Group has extended its European industrial services platform into nuclear, bringing scaffolding, insulation, and access services to active decommissioning sites.

Nuclear Decommissioning Service Industry News:

• Jun 2026: Sellafield Ltd. announced the award of a £2.9 billion contract (approximately $3.86 billion) for the next phase of decommissioning operations at the Sellafield nuclear site marking one of the largest single decommissioning contract awards in UK history and confirming the scale of sustained investment required for this multi-decade remediation mission.
• May 2026: A ministerial decree published in France's Official Journal formally authorized EDF to commence full-scale dismantling at the Fessenheim nuclear power plant six years after the permanent shutdown of its two 900 MW PWR reactors establishing France's first complete large-reactor decommissioning benchmark.^{[9]French Nuclear Engineering Society (SFEN), sfeninenglish.org}
• Apr 2026: Lithuania's nuclear regulator issued a permit for dismantling and decontamination of upper and lower zone reactor channel equipment at Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant Unit 2 advancing the world's first full dismantling of RBMK-type reactor cores, with major works scheduled to begin at end of 2026.^{[10]World Nuclear News, world-nuclear-news.org}
• Oct 2025: Nuclear Restoration Services (NRS) appointed Costain as principal contractor to reduce the height of two reactor buildings at the Trawsfynydd former nuclear site in Wales, in a contract valued at up to £70 million expected to take approximately four years to complete.^{[11]Nuclear Industry Association (UK), niauk.org}
• Apr 2025: The UK Office for Nuclear Regulation formally approved the relicensing of the Hunterston B nuclear power plant in North Ayrshire, Scotland from EDF to Nuclear Restoration Services making it the first of EDF's Advanced Gas-Cooled Reactor sites to transfer to NRS and enter the formal decommissioning phase under NDA stewardship.
• Mar 2025: AtkinsRéalis and Sellafield Ltd. successfully conducted a trial demonstrating remote operation of a Boston Dynamics Spot quadrupedal robot from outside a nuclear licensed site validating remote inspection capabilities across physical security boundaries and opening the technology for broader NDA group deployment.
• 2024: The EURATOM programme launched the XS-Ability project a three-year initiative co-ordinated by CEA, involving seven European research and industry partners including IFE, VTT, and SCK-CEN to develop autonomous robotic systems for in-situ radiological characterization in hard-to-access, highly radioactive nuclear environments.

Market Concentration Score

The nuclear decommissioning service market scores 6 out of 10 on the concentration scale, reflecting moderate top-tier consolidation where the top five players (EnergySolutions, Amentum, Orano, Jacobs Solutions, and Bechtel) collectively hold approximately 46.6% of global revenue offset by a fragmented mid-market of specialist contractors, regional players, and national mandate holders that collectively retain the majority share.

The nuclear decommissioning service market research report includes an in-depth coverage of the industry with estimates & forecast in terms of revenue in “USD Billion” from 2022 to 2035, for the following segments:

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Market, By Strategy

• Immediate dismantling
• Safe enclosure/deferred
• Entombment

Market, By Application

• Commercial power reactor
• Prototype power reactor
• Research reactor

Market, By Service

• Site characterization & planning
• Decontamination services
• Waste management & disposal
• Dismantling & demolition
• Robotics & remote technology
• Site remediation & restoration
• Regulatory & project management
• Others

Market, By Reactor Type

• PWR
• BWR
• Gas-cooled
• PHWR
• Others

By Capacity

• <100 MW
• 101–500 MW
• 501–1,000 MW
• >1,000 MW

The above information has been provided for the following regions and countries:

• North America
  • U.S.
  • Canada
• Europe
  • UK
  • Germany
  • France
  • Sweden
  • Spain
  • Belgium
• Asia Pacific
  • China
  • Japan
  • India
  • South Korea
• Middle East & Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • UAE
• Latin America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina