Influenza Vaccines Market Size & Share 2026-2035

Influenza Vaccines Market Size

The global influenza vaccines market was valued at USD 9 billion in 2025 and is projected to increase from USD 9.5 billion in 2026 to USD 17.4 billion by 2035, reflecting a 7% CAGR over 2026–2035. Recurring seasonal procurement provides the market's base demand, while broader immunization programs, aging populations, and higher-value non-egg vaccine platforms expand the value captured per vaccinated person.

Seasonal influenza creates a persistent public-health rationale for vaccination. The World Health Organization estimates approximately one billion influenza cases annually, including 3–5 million cases of severe illness and 290,000–650,000 respiratory deaths. ^{[1]World Health Organization - Influenza (Seasonal) - who.int} In the United States, the 2023–24 season was associated with an estimated 40 million illnesses, 18 million medical visits, 470,000 hospitalizations, and 28,000 deaths. ^{[2]U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention - 2023-2024 Influenza Season Summary - cdc.gov} These outcomes make influenza vaccination a recurring budget line for health systems rather than a discretionary preventive purchase.

Demand remains geographically concentrated despite the disease burden. WHO identified formal influenza vaccination policies in 123 countries as of November 2023; high-income and upper-middle-income countries accounted for 97% of doses distributed in 2022, and five countries represented 55% of global volume. This concentration supports predictable revenues in established procurement markets, but it also exposes manufacturers to policy, reimbursement, and coverage-rate changes in a limited number of large countries.

Supply remains heavily dependent on legacy production. Global seasonal capacity was estimated at 1.53 billion doses in 2023, with more than 80% of seasonal and pandemic capacity based on embryonated eggs and output concentrated among a relatively small group of bulk manufacturers. Cell-based and recombinant vaccines offer alternatives to egg propagation, while mRNA products introduce a potential premium platform for older adults. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved Moderna's mFLUSIVA, the first mRNA influenza vaccine, for adults aged 50 years and older in August 2026. Its Phase 3 study enrolled approximately 41,000 participants across 11 countries during the 2024–25 season.

Our primary research with the U.S. civilian non-institutionalized population, comprising children aged 6 months through 17 years and adults aged 18 years and older, indicates that vaccination coverage weakened in 2023–24: coverage was 55.4% among children and 44.9% among adults, while coverage among adults aged 65 years and older reached 69.7%. Paired with the approved 2026 market estimate of USD 9.5 billion, the pattern points to a two-track market. Elderly cohorts can support premium formulations where reimbursement is established, whereas recovering coverage among children and working-age adults is the more consequential volume variable. Manufacturers that can address both requirements without relying on a single reimbursement channel are better positioned to translate disease burden into sustained growth.

Key Drivers

Increasing prevalence of influenza

Influenza burden sustains demand across seasonal procurement cycles because hospitalizations and mortality remain concentrated in groups that health systems prioritize for prevention. WHO estimates that most influenza-associated deaths in industrialized countries occur among people aged 65 years and older, while 99% of deaths among children under five years with influenza-related lower respiratory tract infection occur in developing countries. This distribution supports enhanced formulations in aging high-income markets while reinforcing the case for wider pediatric and maternal immunization in lower-resource settings.

Demand is also shaped by surveillance and formulation timing. Northern and Southern Hemisphere vaccine-selection cycles convert viral monitoring into recurring manufacturing and procurement decisions. In the EU/EEA, the 2023–24 influenza epidemic lasted 15 weeks, peaked at 39% sentinel positivity in week 52 of 2023, and was predominantly associated with A(H1N1)pdm09. Such surveillance does not eliminate strain mismatch, but it allows national programs and manufacturers to align seasonal supply with circulating-virus evidence.

Aging adds value as well as volume. WHO estimated seasonal programmatic dose requirements at approximately 850 million doses in 2024, rising to approximately 920 million by 2034 as priority populations expand. Older populations are more likely to be eligible for high-dose, adjuvanted, recombinant, and emerging mRNA formulations, making demographic growth especially relevant to market value.

Rising government health initiatives and immunization programs

Formal policy is the principal mechanism through which disease burden becomes contracted vaccine demand. Of the countries with influenza vaccination policies identified by WHO, 74 recommend vaccination for all WHO priority groups and 41 extend recommendations to their full populations. ^{[3]World Health Organization, MI4A - Global Market Study: Seasonal Influenza Vaccine, January 2024 - who.int} The commercial importance of a national recommendation lies in its ability to establish eligible cohorts, procurement calendars, and distribution responsibility across public providers, pharmacies, and clinics.

The U.S. recommendation for annual vaccination of persons aged six months and older provides the country's broad eligibility base. Manufacturers projected 156.2–170 million doses for the 2023–24 U.S. season. Coverage, however, is not assured by supply. The gap between universal recommendation and 47.2% coverage among persons aged six months and older in 2023–24 demonstrates why outreach, convenience, and payer design influence realized demand.

Program maturity varies substantially across Europe and Asia Pacific. The United Kingdom exceeded the WHO's 75% uptake target among adults aged 65 years and older during the 2023–24 season, whereas ECDC-reported 2024–25 coverage in 13 reporting EU/EEA countries ranged from 1.0% to 48.1%, with a median of 6.9%. China's 2023–24 technical guidance defines eight priority groups, including healthcare workers, adults aged 60 years and older, people with chronic conditions, pregnant women, and young children. ^{[5]Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and National Health Commission - Technical Guidelines for Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in China (2023-2024), 2023 - doi.org} The difference between a defined priority population and a funded nationwide program remains commercially decisive.

Advancements in vaccine technologies

Alternative platforms alter the market's economics by targeting the performance and supply constraints of egg-based production. Egg propagation can introduce adaptive mutations that affect antigenic similarity to circulating viruses, and the conventional production cycle requires roughly six months from strain selection to finished supply,. Cell-based production avoids egg adaptation and can reduce dependence on poultry supply. CDC describes cell-based vaccines as being produced in cultured mammalian cells rather than eggs.

Recombinant technology similarly avoids egg propagation and uses insect-cell expression systems to produce hemagglutinin antigen. Sanofi's Flublok contains 45 µg of hemagglutinin per antigen, compared with 15 µg in standard-dose influenza vaccines. The platform's commercial relevance is strongest where older-adult reimbursement supports a higher-cost formulation and clinical differentiation can be translated into prescribing preference.

mRNA represents a later-stage source of platform change. mFLUSIVA's 2026 U.S. approval establishes an initial regulatory precedent for mRNA seasonal influenza vaccination. Its near-term impact is likely to be concentrated in reimbursed older-adult segments, rather than immediately displacing mass public-procurement supply. The forecast contribution from technology therefore increases later in the period as manufacturing scale, real-world uptake, and reimbursement pathways mature.

Key Restraints

High cost associated with vaccine development

Influenza vaccine innovation carries high fixed costs despite the market's annual recurrence. The National Academies cites development timelines exceeding 10 years, costs of at least USD 1 billion, and an initial clinical probability of success of approximately 5% for a novel influenza vaccine. Manufacturers must also maintain annual reformulation, regulatory, pharmacovigilance, and distribution capabilities after initial approval. These obligations favor large suppliers with diversified vaccine portfolios and make platform entry difficult for firms without public support or long-term procurement visibility.

Cost also limits the pace of program expansion. WHO reported median adult quadrivalent vaccine prices of USD 4.72 per dose in low- and middle-income countries and USD 10.67 in high-income countries in 2022. Even lower per-dose prices can create material fiscal commitments when governments seek to extend coverage across large priority populations. A budget-impact analysis estimated that a free national influenza program in China covering 416 million priority persons would cost approximately USD 757 million annually at 20% uptake. This is an access constraint, not simply a pricing issue: countries must finance purchase, delivery, cold-chain capacity, and public communication simultaneously.

Longer vaccine production timelines

The annual egg-based cycle is operationally predictable but inflexible. Following seasonal strain selection, manufacturers must amplify virus in eggs, complete inactivation and purification, meet regulatory release requirements, and distribute doses before the relevant influenza season. Dependence on eggs also creates exposure to poultry-supply disruption, including avian influenza and biosecurity events,.

Pandemic preparedness makes the limitation more visible. WHO estimates pandemic influenza vaccine capacity at 4.13 billion doses in a moderate scenario and 8.26 billion doses in a best-case scenario, but those estimates depend on usable manufacturing inputs and functioning global allocation mechanisms. During the 2009 H1N1 response, countries in Africa and Southeast Asia depended heavily on donated supply, illustrating how capacity concentration can become an access problem during a fast-moving emergency.

Cell-based and recombinant capacity improves resilience but remains a minority of global production. The transition therefore moderates, rather than removes, timing risk through the near term. Suppliers that retain egg-based scale while adding non-egg capacity can reduce exposure without abandoning participation in cost-sensitive public tenders.

The approved growth framework assigns a combined +4.7% midpoint contribution from prevalence, public programs, and technology, offset by a -1.1% combined drag from development cost and production timelines. The resulting net contribution of +3.6% explains why the 7% CAGR requires more than stable seasonal demand. Costly platform transitions can widen the advantage of incumbents in the first half of the forecast, while later capacity scale-up may make non-egg technologies more accessible. Procurement buyers will consequently have leverage over standard-dose supply, whereas manufacturers that establish differentiated evidence and capacity may preserve pricing power in older-adult and specialty cohorts.

Influenza Vaccines Segment Analysis

Vaccine Type

Inactivated influenza vaccines remain the commercial foundation of the market. WHO estimates that inactivated products account for approximately 98% of seasonal doses distributed globally, compared with approximately 2% for live attenuated influenza vaccines. Their breadth of age eligibility, familiarity in public programs, and compatibility with injectable delivery sustain this position. Within the category, high-dose and adjuvanted products increase revenue per dose in older populations.

Live attenuated influenza vaccine occupies a narrower pediatric and needle-averse consumer segment. AstraZeneca's FluMist generated USD 258 million in 2024, up 14% year over year. FDA authorization for self-administration by adults aged 18–49 years and caregiver administration for children and adolescents aged 2–17 years changes the product's delivery model by allowing access outside clinician-administered settings. The opportunity depends on pharmacy execution and caregiver adoption rather than broad substitution for injectable vaccines.

Recombinant vaccines occupy a premium position because their production avoids egg adaptation and supports higher antigen content. FDA expanded Flublok approval to children and adolescents aged 9–17 years in March 2025. The expanded indication broadens the eligible population, but reimbursement and price sensitivity will determine whether pediatric access develops beyond selected private and specialty channels.

Indication

Quadrivalent vaccines accounted for approximately 65% of global adult dose consumption in 2022. Their historical value proposition was protection against two influenza A subtypes and two B lineages. That framework changed when the B/Yamagata lineage ceased circulating in humans, prompting the transition to trivalent composition for U.S. products beginning with the 2024–25 season.

The shift to trivalent products reflects viral epidemiology rather than a reversal of product sophistication. Removing a non-circulating lineage can simplify manufacturing and reduce antigen requirements, although the extent to which this reduces procurement costs will depend on product contracts and country-specific specifications. Trivalent products may remain especially relevant in price-sensitive settings, while higher-value differentiation increasingly shifts to platform, dose level, and target-age indication.

Technology

Egg-based technology remains dominant because its facilities, regulatory history, and supply relationships are embedded in national programs. Its lower nominal cost of goods makes it difficult to displace in mass tender markets. However, strain adaptation and the extended production cycle are structural disadvantages when antigen matching or rapid response matters most.

Cell-based vaccines are the most established non-egg alternative. CDC notes that cell-based vaccine production uses cultured mammalian cells, reducing the role of egg-derived candidate vaccine viruses. SK bioscience's SKYCellflu was the first WHO-prequalified quadrivalent cell-culture influenza vaccine; the company shipped approximately 5 million doses for the 2023–24 Korean domestic season. Indonesia approved SKYCellflu Quadrivalent in October 2024, extending the platform into a major Southeast Asian market.

Recombinant technology removes both egg reliance and live-virus propagation. The segment is commercially relevant in markets able to reimburse a premium formulation, particularly for older adults. Its expansion depends on clinical evidence, supply scale, and the willingness of national programs to pay for differentiation beyond standard inactivated products.

Flu Type

Seasonal vaccines account for the market's recurring revenue base. Annual WHO composition recommendations, public tenders, and established immunization schedules create a dependable cycle even when administered-dose volumes fluctuate. Seasonal growth through 2035 will be driven by coverage expansion and a rising mix of enhanced formulations, rather than by a continuous increase in total doses across all markets.

Pandemic influenza is a distinct preparedness opportunity. CSL Seqirus recorded USD 172 million in pandemic facility reservation fees in FY2024, demonstrating that governments may pay for standby capacity before an emergency occurs. The U.S. Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response has also supported development of Moderna's mRNA-based H5N1 vaccine candidate. Pandemic programs diversify supplier revenue, but their timing and scale are inherently uncertain and should not be treated as a substitute for seasonal demand.

Age Group

Adults represent the largest revenue pool, with adults aged 65 years and older forming the most valuable cohort because of their clinical risk and access to enhanced formulations. U.S. coverage among adults aged 65 years and older reached 69.7% in 2023–24, compared with 44.9% among adults overall. The divergence illustrates why manufacturers prioritize products designed for older recipients: the cohort combines comparatively high uptake with a greater likelihood of reimbursement for differentiated vaccines.

Pediatric demand has a different commercial profile. U.S. coverage among children aged 6 months through 17 years was 55.4% in 2023–24, down 2.0 percentage points from the previous season and 8.3 percentage points from 2019–20. Globally, influenza-associated lower respiratory infections caused approximately 870,000 hospitalizations annually among children under five years, with hospitalization rates more than three times higher in developing than industrialized countries. The public-health need is substantial, but affordability, caregiver confidence, and delivery infrastructure constrain conversion into paid vaccine volume.

Route of Administration

Injection dominates delivery because it accommodates the widest range of products, indications, and public-program protocols. In the United States, pharmacies administered 48.0% of adult influenza vaccine doses in 2023–24, while doctor's offices administered 23.4%. The distribution pattern makes pharmacies strategically important to adult coverage recovery and to convenient access for standard-dose and premium injectable products.

Nasal spray delivery is closely tied to live attenuated vaccines. FluMist's self- and caregiver-administration authorization creates a differentiated channel opportunity, especially for families seeking alternatives to injections. The model may expand convenience, but it remains limited by product-specific age eligibility and the smaller scale of the live attenuated segment.

End Use

Hospitals, including public and private institutions, are core channels for priority-population vaccination, healthcare-worker programs, and government-funded administration. Influenza coverage among healthcare personnel in U.S. acute-care hospitals reached 80.7% during the 2023–24 respiratory virus season. Institutional mandates and occupational-health programs provide more stable utilization than consumer-driven channels.

Clinics remain important for physician-directed vaccination and prescribing of high-dose, adjuvanted, cell-based, and recombinant products. Other end users, notably pharmacies, workplaces, retail health sites, and mass-vaccination settings, extend the reach of seasonal campaigns. Channel mix matters because access expansion can raise administered doses without changing the underlying product mix, while premium uptake often depends on clinical recommendation and reimbursement navigation.

The broad inactivated base will remain essential because it supplies approximately 98% of global seasonal doses. That installed base gives scale manufacturers a durable role, but it does not guarantee superior value capture. Product portfolios that pair tender-ready supply with differentiated offerings can participate in both volume recovery and premiumization. The self-administration pathway for FluMist illustrates a separate competitive route: convenience can expand access in selected cohorts without requiring a wholesale manufacturing-platform transition.

Influenza Vaccines Regional Analysis

North America

North America remains the largest regional market by commercial value, led by the United States. The projected supply range of 156.2–170 million doses for the 2023–24 U.S. season reflects the scale of its annual procurement and distribution system. Universal age-based recommendations, federal pediatric support, commercial reimbursement, pharmacies, and employer-linked vaccination collectively make the region a high-value market for both standard and enhanced formulations.

The most consequential U.S. issue is coverage recovery. Overall coverage among persons aged six months and older reached 47.2% in 2023–24, with adult coverage at 44.9% and pediatric coverage at 55.4%. The elderly segment has remained comparatively resilient, supporting demand for high-dose, adjuvanted, recombinant, and mRNA products. However, renewed uptake among working-age adults and children is necessary to translate existing eligibility into higher administered-dose volume.

Canada's provincial vaccination programs and annual National Advisory Committee on Immunization guidance create a stable public-market base. NACI's 2023–24 statement supported use of quadrivalent vaccines in children aged six months and older. Enhanced older-adult formulations and universal provincial programs provide the principal avenues for value growth.

Europe

Europe is characterized by mature national immunization programs but uneven uptake, reimbursement, and product-selection policies. The United Kingdom exceeded the 75% uptake target among adults aged 65 years and older in 2023–24. Germany released nine tetravalent influenza vaccine products for the 2023–24 season through the Paul-Ehrlich-Institut's batch-release process, although national uptake has remained below the 75% target across federal states and age groups.

The gap between policy presence and realized coverage is particularly important. All 30 EU/EEA countries surveyed by ECDC maintained influenza vaccination recommendations for at least one target group in 2024–25, yet coverage rates reported by 13 countries ranged from 1.0% to 48.1%. France, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Germany, and the UK therefore offer opportunities for cohort-specific growth, but each requires local evidence, reimbursement, and distribution strategies rather than a single regional approach.

Asia Pacific

Asia Pacific combines mature markets with the largest pool of underpenetrated demand. Japan and Australia have established seasonal programs, South Korea has meaningful local manufacturing capability, and China and India offer scale but heterogeneous reimbursement and delivery conditions. The Western Pacific, together with the Americas and Europe, accounted for 92% of global dose volume, demonstrating the region's current relevance as well as its expansion potential.

China is the region's principal demand optionality. Historical national coverage was estimated at 1.5%–2.2% between 2004 and 2014, while the 2023–24 technical guidelines identify eight priority groups. Moving from guidance to broad public reimbursement would materially alter required supply, distribution capacity, and tender economics. Domestic manufacturers, including Sinovac Biotech, hold a proximity advantage in regulatory familiarity and local distribution, while multinational suppliers may compete where differentiated formulations receive reimbursement.

India's demand rationale is supported by active influenza surveillance and a growing domestic supply base. India reported 3,038 H3N2 and 955 H1N1 cases through March 2023 under its surveillance system. Serum Institute of India produces NASOVAC-S, while Cadila Healthcare (Zydus Lifesciences) manufactures VaxiFlu-4, a quadrivalent inactivated split-virion product with regulatory documentation for domestic manufacture and export,,.

South Korea illustrates the strategic role of localized technology capability. SK bioscience secured procurement for 2.42 million SKYCellflu doses for the 2023–24 Korean National Immunization Program, while GC Biopharma supplied 1.74 million doses. Japan remains a mature, domestically oriented market, where AstraZeneca's FluMist approval triggered a USD 10 million milestone from Daiichi Sankyo in 2023. Australia's established National Immunisation Programme supports predictable annual demand among eligible populations.

Latin America

Brazil anchors Latin American influenza vaccination through its national immunization campaigns and priority-group orientation. Mexico and Argentina also maintain public programs for older adults, pregnant people, healthcare workers, and other risk groups. The region's growth depends on fiscal capacity, local delivery infrastructure, and reliable supply more than on the availability of vaccine technologies alone.

Price sensitivity remains a defining constraint. Standard-dose products and public tenders are likely to remain the primary volume mechanism, while premium formulations will be more selective until reimbursement broadens. Manufacturers able to provide WHO-aligned products at competitive prices, maintain seasonal supply reliability, and work through public distribution systems are best positioned to participate in regional growth.

Middle East and Africa

The Middle East and Africa represents a smaller revenue base but a pronounced mismatch between burden and supply capacity. Sub-Saharan Africa has among the highest influenza mortality estimates globally, at 2.8–16.5 deaths per 100,000 population, while the region has no influenza vaccine manufacturing capacity,. Import dependence heightens exposure to global allocation constraints, cold-chain limitations, and funding volatility.

Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and South Africa provide the most immediate commercial opportunities because private healthcare and public campaigns support more consistent vaccine access. Wider regional growth will depend on procurement financing and local or regional manufacturing development. Bio Farma's state-backed vaccine model in Indonesia illustrates the broader strategic appeal of domestic production capacity for emerging markets, although it does not eliminate the investment and technology-transfer requirements necessary for influenza supply.

North America and Europe will remain important for value growth because they combine established reimbursement systems with enhanced-product adoption, but their near-term volume upside depends on restoring coverage. Asia Pacific offers a different proposition: lower baseline coverage can support larger dose growth, although affordability and policy execution limit the speed of realization. The regional market is therefore unlikely to converge around one commercial model. Suppliers need premium-market capabilities for mature systems and cost-efficient, locally adapted supply strategies for programs still moving from recommendation to implementation.

Influenza Vaccines Share & Competitive Landscape

The market is led by multinational suppliers with established seasonal manufacturing, regulatory infrastructure, and public-procurement relationships, alongside regional producers that hold strategic positions in national programs. Competitive advantage increasingly rests on the ability to combine supply reliability with access to differentiated technologies.

AstraZeneca markets FluMist, a live attenuated influenza vaccine. The product generated USD 258 million in 2024, up 14% year over year, and its self- and caregiver-administration authorization creates a differentiated access pathway in eligible age groups. ^{[6]AstraZeneca - Annual Report and Form 20-F 2024, 2025 - sec.gov}

Bharat Biotech participates in India's vaccine innovation ecosystem and has developed cell-line-based pandemic influenza vaccine candidates. Its relevance to influenza vaccines is tied to India's domestic manufacturing base and the gradual expansion of non-egg platform capability.

Cadila Healthcare (Zydus Lifesciences) manufactures VaxiFlu-4, a quadrivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine with regulatory documentation supporting manufacture and export,. Its domestic manufacturing presence supports participation in India's seasonal supply and export markets.

CSL Seqirus combines egg-based, adjuvanted, cell-based, and pandemic-preparedness products. Seqirus generated USD 2.128 billion in FY2024 revenue, with FLUAD revenue increasing 14% at constant currency. The portfolio gives the company exposure to public supply, older-adult premium products, and government pandemic-capacity arrangements.

Denka Seiken is a longstanding Japanese influenza vaccine manufacturer with an established role in the domestic inactivated-vaccine market. Its position reflects the importance of national procurement relationships and local regulatory familiarity in mature Asian markets.

GlaxoSmithKline supplied more than 40 million influenza vaccine doses to the U.S. market for the 2023–24 season. The company is also developing GSK4382276 with CureVac, an mRNA influenza vaccine candidate that reported positive Phase 2 topline results in younger and older adults.

Sanofi maintains one of the broadest influenza portfolios, spanning standard-dose, high-dose, and recombinant products. The company reported influenza vaccine sales of EUR 2.669 billion in 2023 and EUR 2.555 billion in 2024,. Its Fluzone High-Dose and Flublok franchises are positioned in the higher-value older-adult segment.

Serum Institute of India produces NASOVAC-S, a live attenuated influenza vaccine, and has manufacturing scale relevant to public-health supply in India and other lower-income markets. Its potential advantage rests on scale and experience serving large immunization programs.

Sinovac Biotech is a relevant domestic supplier in China's seasonal influenza market. Its strategic position would strengthen if broader public reimbursement converts China's priority-group guidance into sustained national demand.

SK bioscience markets the cell-based SKYCellflu platform. The product's WHO prequalification, approximately 5 million-dose domestic shipment for the 2023–24 season, and Indonesian approval demonstrate the company's ability to compete beyond South Korea,.

Viatris participates primarily through commercial distribution and market access infrastructure in selected geographies. Its role is more channel-oriented than manufacturing-led within the influenza vaccine market.

GC Biopharma competes in South Korea with its GC Flu portfolio and supplied 1.74 million doses in the 2023–24 Korean National Immunization Program procurement. The company's lipid-nanoparticle partnership for mRNA vaccine development signals interest in next-generation platform capability.

Bio Farma is Indonesia's state-owned vaccine producer and participates in WHO prequalification programs. Its strategic importance is linked to Indonesia's domestic vaccine supply and broader Southeast Asian interest in regional manufacturing capability.

Recent Industry Developments

FDA approval of Moderna's mFLUSIVA - August 2026. FDA approved mFLUSIVA for adults aged 50 years and older, making it the first approved mRNA-based influenza vaccine in the United States. ^{[4]Moderna - IR Insights: Introducing mFLUSIVA, 2026 - modernatx.com} The Phase 3 program enrolled approximately 41,000 participants in 11 countries.

FDA authorization for FluMist self-administration - September 2024. FDA authorized self-administration of FluMist for adults aged 18–49 years and caregiver administration for children and adolescents aged 2–17 years. The decision enables access through delivery models that do not require clinician administration.

Flublok pediatric indication expansion - March 2025. FDA expanded Flublok approval to children and adolescents aged 9–17 years. The change extends Sanofi's recombinant vaccine into a new age cohort.

SK bioscience Indonesia approval - October 2024. Indonesia's BPOM approved SKYCellflu Quadrivalent, marking SK bioscience's entry into the Indonesian influenza vaccine market.

Sanofi influenza/COVID-19 combination studies - 2024. Sanofi initiated Phase 1/2 studies of combinations pairing Fluzone High-Dose or Flublok with Nuvaxovid for adults aged 50 years and older.

GSK mRNA influenza Phase 2 results - 2024. GSK reported positive Phase 2 topline data for GSK4382276, developed with CureVac, in younger and older adults.

ASPR and Moderna H5N1 mRNA vaccine collaboration - 2024. The U.S. Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response supported advanced development of Moderna's mRNA-based pandemic influenza vaccine candidate targeting H5N1.