Human Microbiome Market - By Site, By Application, By Disease, By Product - Global Forecast, 2025 - 2034

Human Microbiome Market Size

The global human microbiome market was valued at USD 1.3 billion in 2024. The market is expected to grow from USD 1.6 billion in 2025 to USD 8.9 billion in 2034, at a CAGR of 20.9% during the forecast period. The market is experiencing growth due to the increasing awareness and understanding of the importance of microbiomes for human health and disease prevention.
 

This is driven by the growing understanding of the impact that microbial communities have on fundamental bodily functions, including digestion, immunity, metabolism, and even cognitive function, which calls for human microbiome therapeutics.
 

Another factor propelling the growth of this market is the increasing shift towards precision medicine, where treatment is tailored according to an individual’s unique microbial composition. The increased demand for personalized treatments based on individual microbial profiles is enhancing the effectiveness of the treatment by making microbiome analysis a central focus in diagnostics and drug development. This has fostered collaboration between biotech companies, pharmaceutical firms, and research institutions, thereby strengthening market growth.
 

Moreover, investment from venture capitalists and institutional investors is gaining traction in the human microbiome industry, thereby fostering innovation for novel solutions. For example, in 2022, there was an increase of 43 deal counts and a capital investment of USD 321 million by venture capitalists in the microbiome sector. These investments are instrumental for advancing the products from clinical trials and regulatory approvals to commercialization.


The human microbiome is a collection of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and other microorganisms that live in and on the human body. Microorganisms can be found on the skin, in the mouth, and in particular, the gut, where they assist with digestion. Their functions also include the regulation of immune response, metabolism, and the prevention the entry of harmful microorganisms. A maintained microbiome within a body is beneficial to human health; deviations from this norm, termed dysbiosis, can result in imbalance and a wide range of other diseases.
 

Human Microbiome Market Trends

• The increasing burden of lifestyle-related diseases and the growing geriatric population are key factors driving the market.
   
• The upsurge in lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders can be linked to increased stress levels, unhealthy diets, and sedentary lifestyles.
   
• For example, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported that between August 2021 and August 2023, the adult obesity rate was 40.3%, with no significant difference between genders. Obesity was significantly higher in the 40-59 age group (46.4%) compared to those aged 20-39 (35.5%) and 60 and older (38.9%).
   
• Furthermore, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) reports a steep increase in the prevalence of diabetes, claiming it affected approximately 10.5% of the population in 2021.  These conditions are associated with dysbiosis, that is, a disruption in the normal microbiome, which has led to the development of microbiome-based therapeutics. 
   
• Studies conducted at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) reveal that the gut microbiome has a significant influence on chronic diseases. For example, diabetic patients are seeing improvements in insulin control and gut health through microbial interventions like probiotics and fecal microbiota transplants (FMT). These methods aim to restore balance to the gut microbiome, which has been shown to influence insulin sensitivity and overall metabolic health.
   
• Furthermore, the rapidly growing ageing population is anticipated to further drive the demand for human microbiome products. According to the United Nations, the population aged 65 years and older is expected to reach 1.6 billion by 2050, representing 17% of the global population.
   
• Older adults are more prone to microbiome imbalances owing to weakened immunity, changes in diet, and increased utilization of medications.
   
• Studies have shown that age-related disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases and osteoporosis, are associated with microbiome health.
   
• The CDC indicated that Alzheimer's disease affects approximately 6.7 million people over the age of 65, affecting a significant portion of older individuals. Based on some preliminary studies, it has been indicated that microbiome therapies designed to modulate the gut-brain axis can alleviate some symptoms, which in turn is stimulating innovation in this sector.
   

Human Microbiome Market Analysis

In 2021, the global market was valued at USD 0.8 billion and experienced growth to reach USD 0.9 billion in 2022 and USD 1.1 billion in 2023.
 

Based on the site, the global market is segmented into digestive tract, lung, reproductive cavity, skin, and other sites. The digestive tract segment in 2024 was valued at USD 601.3 million in the global market.
 

• The dominant position of this segment is due to the high microbial density and diversity typically found in the gut, which hosts the human body's most complex microbiota community.
   
• The microorganisms within the digestive tract are pivotal to several bodily functions, including digestion, nutrient metabolism, immune responses, and defense against pathogens.
   
• The fundamental function of the digestive tract microbiome in managing several chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), diabetes, obesity, colorectal cancer, and even neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s, is gaining the interest of researchers and practitioners and shifting more of them towards adopting these solutions.
   
• As a result, the digestive tract remains the primary site for microbiome research and product development, which includes probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and microbiome-targeted therapeutics, thus reinforcing its dominant position in the market.
   

Based on the application, the global human microbiome market is classified into therapeutics and diagnostics. The therapeutics segment held the highest market share of 81.8% in 2024.
 

• The rise in prevalence of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD), metabolic syndrome, obesity, type 2 diabetes, and even some neurodegenerative diseases, which correlate with human microbiomes, is a key factor accelerating growth in the therapeutics segment.
   
• Additionally, the development of therapeutic solutions based on microbiomes, including live biotherapeutic products (LBPs), fecal microbiota transplant (FMT), and microbiome-modulating drugs, contributes to the growth of this segment.
   
• Moreover, the increasing focus on personalized medicine has resulted in greater flexibility to therapeutics designed according to one’s microbiome profile, thus leading to the expansion of therapeutic applications.
   

Based on the disease, the global human microbiome market is categorized into infectious disease, gastrointestinal disease, endocrine and metabolic diseases, cancer, central nervous system disorder, and other diseases. The gastrointestinal disease segment is expected to grow at CAGR of 20.6% over the analysis period.
 

• The critical role that the gut microbiome plays in maintaining digestive health and managing related disorders has underscored its dominance in the market.
   
• Disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis are closely related and result from an imbalance of gut microbiome, which has driven the demand for effective and tailored treatments.
   
• Innovative treatment approaches such as probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and live biotherapeutic products that restore the microbiome are preferred because they are non-invasive and targeted compared to traditional therapies, which are invasive and come with side effects.
   
• All these factors are increasing the adoption of human microbiome products for maintaining gut health, thus enhancing the segmental growth.
   

Based on the product, the global human microbiome market is divided into drugs, supplements, diagnostic tests, and other products. The supplements segment dominated the market in 2024 and is anticipated to reach USD 5.2 billion by 2034. The supplements segment is further sub-segmented into probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics.
 

• The rising attention towards wellness, preventive healthcare, and non-prescription natural healthcare aids to boost digestion and enhance health is increasing the adoption of supplements.
   
• In addition, the high popularity and easy access to probiotic and prebiotic supplements have reinforced their adoption, propelling the growth of the supplements segment.
   
• Furthermore, the development of new formulations comprising synbiotics and tailored supplements designed for tailored needs is gaining traction among major industry stakeholders, further supporting the growth of this segment.
   

The North America human microbiome market dominated the global market with a market share of 39.1% in 2024.
 

The U.S. market was valued at USD 283.8 million and USD 336.6 million in 2021 and 2022, respectively. The market size reached USD 476.6 million in 2024, growing from USD 400.2 million in 2023.
 

• The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), obesity, type 2 diabetes, and autoimmune conditions is driving the growth of this market.
   
• For instance, as per IBD Facts and Stats report published by the CDC, U.S. prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease is estimated between 2.4 and 3.1 million, with differing burden across groups. This significant number of IBD patients ultimately drives the demand for microbiome-modulating therapies and supplements.
   
• Moreover, the growing focus of the healthcare systems in the U.S. on preventive medicine and personalized healthcare has further contributed to the adoption of microbiome-targeted interventions in the country.
   

Europe human microbiome market accounted for USD 372.9 million in 2024 and is anticipated to show lucrative growth over the forecast period.
 

• Europe is a prominent player in the market, characterized by strong academic research, government funding, and a focus on innovation.
   
• Countries such as Germany, UK, and France are at the forefront of microbiome research, focusing on both therapeutic and diagnostic applications.
   
• Furthermore, government support through grants and subsidies for microbiome research has catalyzed growth.
   
• Additionally, consumer interest in probiotics and functional foods has expanded market opportunities in the region.
   

Germany human microbiome market is anticipated to witness considerable growth over the analysis period.
 

• Germany’s market is projected to show notable growth over the analysis period due to scientific, demographic, and healthcare-related reasons.
   
• Germany is one of the leading biotech and life sciences hubs in Europe, boasting a fully developed ecosystem in research, which includes multiple academic institutions, research centers, and biotechnology companies, all participating in microbiome research and innovation.
   
• Such an ecosystem is beneficial for the innovations in microbiome therapies, diagnostics and nutritional supplements.
   
• Further, shifts in demographics are anticipated to bolster this market growth. AARP International reported that Germany today stands as one of five ‘super-aged’ societies across the globe, as people aged 65 and above are one of the fastest-growing segments of the population in the country.
   
• This demographic is expected to account for nearly a third of the country’s population by 2050.  This demographic trend will drive the demand for microbiome-enhanced therapies designed to boost immunity and digestion, thus driving the growth of this market. 
   

The Asia Pacific human microbiome market is anticipated to grow at the highest CAGR of 21.7% during the analysis timeframe.
 

• One of the foremost contributors to this trend is the rising burden of lifestyle and chronic health conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and even cancer, which are often associated with an imbalance of the human microbiome.
   
• Awareness is rising across the region regarding the role of gut microbiomes in health, and there is demand for specific microbiome-based products and services in this region.
   
• This growth is also accelerated by the advanced healthcare systems and ongoing biotechnology developments in China, Japan, South Korea, and India. These nations are spearheading investments in life sciences, personalized medicine, and microbiome-centered innovation.
   
• In addition, the growing government funding aimed at promoting innovation and targeted developing products in this region is further propelling growth.
   

China human microbiome market is predicted to grow significantly over the forecast period.
 

• Innovation in biotechnology and rapid adoption of personalized medicine are anticipated to accelerate market growth.
   
• Under its health and innovation initiatives like Healthy China 2030, the government is funding advanced healthcare solutions, which include microbiome-related healthcare.
   
• There is greater financing from venture capital to China’s biotech startups and academic institutions to develop microbiome-based diagnostics, therapeutics, and functional foods.
   
• Furthermore, heightened awareness of health issues has raised spending by the growing middle class on preventive healthcare services. As a result, there has been increased demand and consumption of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in the country.
   
• Therefore, the growing availability and accessibility of these supplements through e-commerce platforms support the growth.
   

Brazil is expected to experience significant growth in the Latin America human microbiome market over the coming years.
 

• During the forecast period, the Brazil market is expected to witness remarkable expansion owing to the growing emphasis on preventive care, an evolving healthcare system, increasing disease burden, along with growing focus on personalized medicine.
   
• Chronic health conditions such as obesity levels, diabetes, gastrointestinal disorders, along with autoimmune diseases showcase concerning prevalence amongst Brazilians.
   
• As per research shared at the International Congress on Obesity (ICO 2024, Sao Paulo), acute levels of obesity are rising in Brazil. Significant trends indicate that nearly half (48%) of the adult Brazilian population would be living with obesity, while an additional 27% would be classified as overweight by the year 2044. To put it in simpler terms, nearly three out of four adults will be either obese or overweight in two decades.
   
• This trend highlights the growing need for effective interventions, including microbiome-based solutions, to address metabolic health and weight management.
   

Saudi Arabia human microbiome market is poised to witness substantial growth in Middle East and Africa market during the forecast period.
 

• This growth is driven by the transformation of healthcare, shifting burden of diseases, an increase in investment, rising emphasis on personalized medicine, and growing awareness toward healthcare.
   
• Saudi Arabia is transforming its healthcare system and heavily investing in biotechnology as well as in innovation in medical research, which includes microbiome science under the Vision 2030 initiative.
   
• Increased investment in infrastructure for clinical research and public-private partnerships is advancing the microbiome sector. There is an increased engagement in microbiome studies, including their therapeutic and diagnostic applications, among universities, medical institutions, and emerging biotech firms, thereby supporting the growth of human microbiome in the country.
   

Human Microbiome Market Share

The top 3 players involved in the global market, including Archer Daniels Midland Company, Ferring, and Seres Therapeutics, Inc., account for approximately 40% of the market share. The leading players in the market employ various strategies to sustain competitive advantage. These market participants are actively engaged in strategic collaborations, partnerships, mergers, etc., to maintain their position in the market, capture the highest market share, and outperform the competition.
 

For instance, in December 2023, Ferring Pharmaceuticals and Pharma Biome formed a research and development collaboration to develop microbiome-based biotherapeutics for gastroenterology. The agreement granted Ferring exclusive rights to develop, manufacture, and commercialize next-generation microbiome-based therapeutics in gastroenterology from this partnership. This collaboration enhanced Ferring's presence in the microbiome market.
 

Human Microbiome Market Companies

Few of the prominent players operating in the human microbiome industry include:

• Archer Daniels Midland Company
• Biohm Technologies
• BioGaia
• Biome Diagnostics
• BiomeBank
• Ferring
• Intralytix
• OptiBiotix
• Pendulum Therapeutics
• Prescient Metabiomics
• Seres Therapeutics
• Seed Health
• The BioArte
• Vedanta Biosciences
• Viome Life Sciences
•  

The strong global research and development capabilities, patient-centric approach, and pioneering focus on microbiome-based therapeutics of Ferring contribute to its significant position in the market. The company has established leadership in fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for Clostridioides difficile infection and continues to expand its portfolio through strategic collaborations. By leveraging partnerships with Rebiotix Inc. and MyBiotics Pharma, Ferring advances microbiota-based solutions for conditions like bacterial vaginosis, reinforcing its commitment to innovation and improving patient outcomes in women’s and gastrointestinal health.
 

Seres Therapeutics plays a pioneering role in developing clinically validated, oral microbiome therapeutics with a precision medicine approach. The company leverages advanced genomic, metabolic, and computational biology tools to create innovative treatments targeting gut dysbiosis. With the FDA approval of VOWST, the first oral microbiota-based therapy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, Seres has set a new standard in microbiome medicine, backed by strong clinical evidence and strategic partnerships, notably with Nestlé Health Science.
 

Human Microbiome Industry News

• In October 2024, ADM announced a partnership with Biohm Technologies to introduce Vivifem, a data-driven, targeted microbiome formulation specifically designed for women's health. The formulation combined prebiotics, probiotics, and postbiotics to support women's healthy aging goals. This partnership enhanced ADM's portfolio in personalized health and nutrition solutions.
   
• In March 2024, Biohm Technologies, a leading innovator and patent holder of microbiome-based products and ingredients, announced a partnership with Virginia Tech aimed at further enhancing its pioneering Symbiont platform through the application of artificial intelligence (A.I.). This collaboration is expected to accelerate the development of advanced microbiome solutions, enabling Biohm Technologies to leverage A.I. to improve product efficacy and drive innovation in microbiome space.
   
• In December 2023, Ferring Pharmaceuticals and PharmaBiome announced a research and development collaboration aimed at advancing microbiome-based biotherapeutics in the field of gastroenterology. Under the agreement, Ferring secured exclusive rights to develop, manufacture, and commercialize next-generation microbiome-based therapeutics within the gastroenterology domain resulting from the partnership. This collaboration strengthened Ferring's position in the microbiome market.
   

The human microbiome market research report includes in-depth coverage of the industry with estimates and forecast in terms of revenue in USD Million from 2021 – 2034 for the following segments:

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Market, By Site

• Digestive tract
• Lung
• Reproductive cavity
• Skin
• Other sites

Market, By Application

• Therapeutics
• Diagnostics

Market, By Disease

• Infectious disease
• Gastrointestinal disease
• Endocrine and metabolic diseases
• Cancer
• Central nervous system disorder
• Other diseases

Market, By Product

• Drugs
• Supplements
  • Probiotics
  • Prebiotics
  • Synbiotics 
• Diagnostic tests
• Other products

The above information is provided for the following regions and countries:

• North America
  • U.S.
  • Canada
• Europe
  • Germany
  • UK
  • France
  • Spain
  • Italy
• Asia Pacific
  • China
  • Japan
  • India
  • Australia 
• Latin America
  • Brazil
  • Mexico 
• Middle East and Africa
  • Saudi Arabia
  • South Africa